Chapter 20 Flashcards
(31 cards)
APPLICATION of statistical methods to the evaluation of the quality of products and services.
QUALITY CONTROL
ACTIVITIES directed toward MONITORING the individual elements of care. (Eg. Instrument and test procedures)
QUALITY CONTROL
A PROGRAM in which the overall activities conducted by the institution are directed toward assuring the quality of the products and services provided.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A quality MANAGEMENT PROGRAM that includes each component (customer, producer, and supplier) in the CREATION PROCESS, from the acquisition of supplies to active follow-up after the product or service has been received by a delighted customer.
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
A quality management program that focuses on the SUCCESS of the organization in designing and achieving its set GOALS and OBJECTIVES.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND IMPROVEMENT
The closeness of a result to the actual value of an analyte when running a test; more commonly called “hitting the bull’s-eye.”
ACCURACY
How well a procedure reproduces a value.
PRECISION
A term used in statistics to describe and define the ITEMS that are being studied at a particular time.
POPULATION
A PART of a population that is used to analyze the characteristics of that population.
SAMPLE
The term that describes the STATISTICAL PHENOMENON whereby members of a population are usually evenly DISBURSED around the population mean.
GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION
The arithmetic average for all the data contained in a sample population (or an algebraic set)
MEAN
A MEASUREMENT OF PRECISION, or the tendency of the values in each population to cluster, center, or scatter around the mean.
STANDARD DEVIATION
The standard deviation expressed as a percentage of the mean; considered a measurement of PRECISION AND VARIABILITY.
COEFFICIENT OF VARIANCE
A CHART used to plot CONTROL measurements against standards to identify when a process is in out of control.
CONTROL CHART
Graphical displays with a “fishbone” appearance; used to identify the possible CAUSES of, or contributing factors to, a problem or quality defect.
CAUSE-AND-EFFECT DIAGRAMS
Line graphs used to display data over a period of time.
RUN CHARTS
A STORY told in sequential pictures displayed on a flip chat or other visual aid.
STORY BOARDS
A control chart used to PLOT quality control values against previously set limits to determine if a procedure is in out of control.
LEVEY-JENNINGS CHART
A technique used to demonstrate and compare the performance of a laboratory on paired samples with other laboratories using common control lots or survey material.
YOUDEN PLOT
A set of rules, such as the WESTGARD rules, that are used for accepting or rejecting a control run.
MULTIRULE ANALYSIS
An INCORRECT ACCEPT/REJECT or PROBLEM/NO PROBLEM decision.
ERROR
An error that may occur at any time and place within the production process.
RANDOM ERROR
An error that occurs in a predictable direction or pattern.
SYSTEMATIC ERROR
A set of numbers that does not truly reflect the characteristics of the whole population.
STATISTICAL BIAS
