Chapter 20

Question 1

The EMT should assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury because:

Answer 1

children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults

Question 2

Patients with thrombophilia are at an increased risk for:

Answer 2

acute arterial rupture

Question 3

Glipizide, a non-insulin type medication, is another name for:

Answer 3

Glucotrol

Question 4

Excessive eating caused by a cellular “hunger” is called:

Answer 4

polyphagia

Question 5

Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

Answer 5

disorder of glucose metabolism

Question 6

Insulin functions in the body by:

Answer 6

enabling glucose to enter the cells

Question 7

Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is

Answer 7

attempting to eliminate acids from the blood

Question 8

. A 28-year-old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. She further tells you that the patient has been urinating excessively and has progressively worsened over the last 24 to 36 hours. On the bases of this patient’s clinical presentation, you should suspect that she:

Answer 8

is significantly HYPERglycemic

Question 9

Ketone production is the result of:

Answer 9

fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable

Question 10

Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when:

Answer 10

insulin is not available in the body

Question 11

Patients with uncontrolled diabetes experience polyuria because:

Answer 11

excess glucose in the blood is excreted by the kidneys.

Question 12

In contrast to hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia:

Answer 12

can only be corrected in the hospital setting.

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?

Answer 13

In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen

Question 14

In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes

Answer 14

is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level

Question 15

A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days’ duration. Her blood glucose level read 320 mg/dL. If this patient’s condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop:

Answer 15

acidosis and dehydration

Question 16

Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 16

ensuring the absence of a gag reflex

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

Answer 17

The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen.

Question 18

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 18

is a condition in which no insulin is produced by the body.

Question 19

Which of the following sign or symptoms would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with new-onset type 1 diabetes?

Answer 19

weight loss and polyuria

Question 20

Symptomatic hypoglycemia will MOST likely develop if a patient:

Answer 20

takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin

Question 21

Type 1 diabetes is a condition in which

Answer 21

glucose utilization is impaired

Question 22

A 45-year-old man with type 1 diabetes is found unresponsive. Which of the following questions is MOST important to ask his wife?

Answer 22

“Did he take his insulin today?”

Question 23

A diabetic patient presents with a blood glucose level of 310 mg/dL and severe dehydration. The patient’s dehydration is the result of:

Answer 23

excretion of glucose and water from the kidneys

Question 24

Which combination of factors would MOST likely cause a hypoglycemic crisis in a diabetic patient?

Answer 24

skipping a meal and taking insulin

Question 25

A 19-year-old diabetic male was found unresponsive on the couch by his roommate. after confirming that the patient is unresponsive, you should:

Answer 25

manually open his airway

Question 26

What breathing pattern would you MOST likely encounter in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Answer 26

rapid and deep

Question 27

A woman called EMS because her 12-year-old son, who had been experiencing excessive urination, thirst, and hunger for the past 36 hours, has an altered mental status and is breathing fast. You should be MOST suspicious for:

Answer 27

HYPERglycemic crisis

Question 28

If the cells do not receive glucose, they will begin to metabolize

Answer 28

fat

Question 29

In contrast to a hyperglycemic crisis, a hypoglycemic crisis:

Answer 29

usually responds immediately after treatment

Question 30

patients with diabetic ketoacidosis experience polydipsia because

Answer 30

they are dehydrated secondary to excessive urination

Question 31

When dealing with hematologic disorders, the EMT must be familiar with the composition of blood. Which of the following is considered a hematologic disease?

Answer 31

sickle cell disease and hemophilia

Question 32

What are the two main components of blood?

Answer 32

cells and plasma

Question 33

The assessment of a patient with a hematologic disorder is the same as it is with all other patients an EMT will encounter. In addition to obtaining a SAMPLE history, EMTs should ask which of the following questions?

Answer 33

Have you had a crisis before, when was the last time you had a crisis, how did your crisis resolve?

Question 34

Which one of the following is NOT an appropriate treatment for EMTs to provide to a patient who had a hematologic disorder?

Answer 34

Analgesics for pain

Question 35

What two hormones does the pancreas produce and store that play a major role in glucose metabolism?

Answer 35

glucagon and insulin

Question 36

islets of langerhans have alpha and beta cells

Answer 36

alpha cells produce glucagon, beta produce insulin

Question 37

if a meal is skipped or delayed, a message is sent to the pancreas to secrete glucagon then,

Answer 37

glucagon then stimulates the liver and the skeletal muscles to release glycogen (stored glucose) and converts it back to glucose for use and cellular fuel

Question 38

type 1 diabetes

Answer 38

-autoimmune disorder where the immune system produces antibodies against the pancreatic beta cells -usually happens in early childhood -immune system destroys the ability of the pancreas to produce insulin -cannot survive without external insulin source

Question 39

polyuria

Answer 39

frequent urination

Question 40

polydipsia

Answer 40

increase in fluid consumption

Question 41

polyphagia

Answer 41

severe hunger, food intake

Question 42

What is the normal blood glucose level?

Answer 42

80 to 120 mg/dL

Question 43

ketones

Answer 43

acid waste

Question 44

kussmaul respirations

Answer 44

faster and deeper breaths

Question 45

diabetic ketoacidosis glucose monitor typically reads around

Answer 45

400mg/dL to 1000's