Chapter 20

Question 1

Conducting arteries

Answer 1

elastic or large arteries
biggest arteries
examples common carotid subclavian pulmonary trunk aorta

Question 2

distributing arteries

Answer 2

muscular or medium arteries
distributes blood to specific organs
examples: femoral brachial renal and splenic arteries

Question 3

Resistance arteries

Answer 3

small
arterioles: smallest arteries
thicker tunica media in proportion to their lumen than large arteries.
very little tunica external

Question 4

In carotid sinuses

Answer 4

baroreceptors

Question 5

carotid bodies

Answer 5

chemoreceptors

Question 6

aortic bodies

Answer 6

chemo/baroreceptors

Question 7

exchange vessels

Answer 7

capillaries

Question 8

composed of endothelium and basal lamina

Answer 8

capillaries

Question 9

there types of capillaries

Answer 9

continuous fenestrated and sinusoids

Question 10

intercellular clefts in the continuous capillaries allow

Answer 10

passage of small solutes such as glucose

Question 11

what type of capillary occur in most tissues

Answer 11

continuous capillaries

Question 12

least permeable and most common capillary

Answer 12

continuous capillaries

Question 13

endothelial cell riddled with holes call filtration pores are what type of capillary

Answer 13

fenestrated capillary

Question 14

discontinuous capillaries

Answer 14

sinusoids

Question 15

most permeable capillary

Answer 15

sinusoids

Question 16

allows proteins clotting factors, and new blood cells to enter the circulation

Answer 16

sinusoids

Question 17

ateriovenous anastomosis

Answer 17

(shunt) artery flows directly into vein bypassing capillaries

Question 18

Venous anastomosis

Answer 18

most common

—- vein blockage is less serious than arterial blockage

Question 19

arterial anastomosis

Answer 19

provides collateral (alternative rate) of blood supply to a tissue

Question 20

what anastomosis is common around joints and coronary circulation

Answer 20

arterial anastomosis

Question 21

what are the two factors of cardiac output?

Answer 21

heart stroke and pressure

Question 22

if cardiac output goes up, what happens to BP?

Answer 22

goes up

Question 23

blood volume is regulated mainly by the

Answer 23

kidneys ( blood is filtered by the kidneys)

Question 24

if blood volume goes up what happens to BP

Answer 24

goes up

Question 25

three ways of controlling vasomotor activity

Answer 25

local control neural control hormonal control

Question 26

baroreflexes

Answer 26

Neural control short term regulation baroreflexes sense if heart rate is up than neural control slows heart rate down if Baroreflexes sense heart is down the neural control speeds heart rate up

Question 27

chemoreflex

Answer 27

response to changes in pH, O2 and CO2

Question 28

hypoxemia hypercapnia and acidosis stimulates (vasoconstriction or or vasodilation)

Answer 28

vasoconstriction | this increases blood pressure which increases lung

Question 29

( a reflex ) automatic response to a drop in perfusion of the brain

Answer 29

medullary ischemic reflex

Question 30

medullary ischemic reflex causes an

Answer 30

increase in heart rate and contraction force causes widespread vasoconstriction raises bp and restores normal perfusion to the brain

Question 31

Angiotensin II

Answer 31

potent vasoconstrictor causes bp to rise | -promotes sodium and water retention by kidneys

Question 32

atrial natriuretic peptide

Answer 32

increases urinary sodium excretion reduces blood volume and promotes vasodilation which decrease bp

Question 33

ADH promotes water retention

Answer 33

raises blood pressure

Question 34

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 34

blood pressure goes up.

Question 35

blood hydrostatic pressure is produced by

Answer 35

blood pressure. which pushes small stuff out by normal blood flow ( blood pressure)

Question 36

colloid osmotic pressure is produced by

Answer 36

tendency of water to want to go back in after being pushed out. water wants to go back in because there is "big stuff" in the vessels still

Question 37

capillaries reabsorb about 85% of the fluid they filter by hydro static pressure what happens to the 15%

Answer 37

lymphatic system absorbs it and the returns to the blood after its cleaned

Question 38

capillary filtration occurs at (arterial or venous) end

Answer 38

arterial end

Question 39

capillary reabsorption occurs at ( arterial or venous) end

Answer 39

venous end

Question 40

what are the exceptions of capillary filtration and absorption

Answer 40

kidney capillaries and alveolar capillaries

Question 41

kidney capillaries in glomeruli

Answer 41

kidney capillaries in glomeruli don't reabsorb

Question 42

alveolar capillaries in lung

Answer 42

absorbs completely to keep fluid out of air spaces