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anatomy chapter 1 > chapter 20 > Flashcards

chapter 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

consistent in all blood vessels

A

tunica intima/interna

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2
Q

gets damaged. clotting occurs

A

endothelium

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3
Q

what does tunica intima/interna consist of

A

endothelium and connective tissue

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4
Q

consist of smooth muscle/ connective tissue

A

tunica media

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5
Q

sometimes needs more blood supply

A

externa/adventitia

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6
Q

consist of connective tissue (collagen/elastic)

A

externa

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7
Q

can have blood vessels w/in blood vessels

A

vasavasorum ( externa)

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8
Q

Efferent vessels, carries blood away from heart

A

arteries

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9
Q

aka, conducting artery.biggest, can stretch, tolerate high pressure and force from hearts ventricles, helps move blood in diastole

A

Elastic

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10
Q

aka distributing artery, elastic is limited to international and external lamina, high muscle content

A

muscular

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11
Q

Aka resistance, media & external diminish, smallest may have no external

A

arterioles

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12
Q

weak point in an artery or heart wall. bulge that ruptures

A

aneurysm

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13
Q

aka capacitance

A

veins

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14
Q

as ___ grow larger, tunica media & external get more distinct

A

veins

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15
Q

in veins tunica externa is the ___ layer and ___ component

A

thickest, largest

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16
Q

medium veins and up have ___

A

valves

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17
Q

veins have an overall ___ wall than arteries

A

thinner

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18
Q

veins hold more blood because…

A

lumen is large

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19
Q

minimal intercellular clefts

A

continuous cap.

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20
Q

will not allow large molecules to pass through ex) plasma protein, platelets, & blood cells. Will allow small molecule to pass through ex) glucose. least permeable

A

minimal intercellular clefts in continuous cap.

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21
Q

___ & ___ will have continuous caps.

A

muscles and skin

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22
Q

____ caps are found in BBB

A

continuous caps.

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23
Q

allow larger molecules to cross ex)hormones where endocrine glands are found

A

fenestrated caps.

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24
Q

holes (filtration pores)

A

fenestrations

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25
filtration site
kidneys
26
absorption in
instestines
27
aka discontinuous caps
sinusoidal
28
have HUGE fenestrations, large intercellular clefts, incomplete endothelium, most permeable
sinusoidal
29
large cells and molecules can pass through sinusoidal caps bc of
incomplete endothelium
30
found in liver, spleen, & bone marrow
sinusoidal
31
64%
Veins
32
5%
Caps.
33
15%
arteries
34
7%
heart
35
9%
pulmonary circuit
36
84%
systemic circuit
37
Capillaries are organized into networks called
capillary beds
38
caps move in the direction
arteriole to venule
39
the metarteriole continues as a ____ leading directly to a venule
thoroughfare channel
40
____ empty into the distal end of the thoroughfare channel or directly into the venule.
caps.
41
Caps drain into
thoroughfare channel
42
Modulate how much blood is going though capillaries
precap. sphincters
43
relaxed precap sphincters =
more flow
44
contsricted precap sphincters =
lack of flow
45
precap sphincters control ____ depending on how much a tissue needs
blood flow
46
point where two blood vessels merge.
anastamosis
47
blood flows from an artery directly into a vein and bypasses the capillaries
arteriovenous (shunt)
48
which one vein empties directly into another, most common
venovenous
49
2 arteries
ateriovenous
50
blood tends to pool in the lower limbs and stretch the veins.
varicose veins
51
alternative route to blood flow
collateral circulation
52
is the peak arterial BP attained during ventricular contraction,
systolic
53
s the minimum arterial BP occurring during the ventricular relaxation between heart- beats
diastolic
54
is the amount of blood flow- ing through an organ, tissue, or blood vessel in a given time (such as mL/min).
FLOW
55
flow is proportionate to
pressure gradient
56
beginning (aorta) to the end (Rt atrium)
pressure
57
systolic + diastolic/ 2
pressure average
58
diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure
MAP ( mean arteriole pressure)
59
systolic-diastolic =
pulse pressure
60
MAP - 0 =
delta p
61
MAP =
delta p
62
resistance is proportionate with...
viscosity
63
blood vessel length is proportionate with
resistance (R)
64
diameter is proportionate with
(R)
65
commonly considered to be a chronic resting blood pressure higher than 140/90.
hypertension
66
is chronic low resting BP.
Hypotension
67
pressure and flow in vessels decline with...
distance
68
A deficiency of erythrocytes
anemia
69
A deficiency of albumin
hypo- proteinemia
70
the narrowing of a vessel
vasoconstriction,
71
the widening of a vessel.
vasodilation,
72
F =
CO
73
SV x HR=
CO
74
EDV- ESV =
SV
75
CO x P
MAP
76
myogenic is...
local
77
respond to changed in pressure
myogenic
78
increase in pressure causes
vasoconstriction
79
decrease in pressure causes
decrease vasoconstriction
80
neural ( cardo vascular center) is located in..., has sympathetic control
medulla
81
is the ability of tissues to regulate their own blood supply.
autoregulation
82
potent vasoconstrictor that raises the blood pressure.
angiotensin II
83
This “salt-retaining hormone” primarily promotes Na retention by the kidneys. Since water follows sodium osmotically, Na retention promotes water retention, thus promoting a higher blood volume and pressure. water reabsorption from kidney
aldosterone
84
ADH primarily promotes water retention, but at pathologically high concentra- tions it is also a vasoconstrictor—hence its alternate name, vasopressin. Both of these effects raise blood pressure.
Antidiuretic hormone.
85
increases H2O loss from kidney
Atrial natriuretic peptide. ANP,
86
keep blood flowing in one direction, divide the column of blood into smaller sections
valves
87
blood will be expressed at the bottom of large veins
valve failure
88
contract = blood goes moves up to heart
muscular pump
89
negative pressure in lungs, inhale - blood gets pulled towards your heart
respiratory pump
90
blood will move where there are more ____ particles
solute
91
due to presence of solute particles
osmotic pressure
92
is the physical force exerted by a liquid against a surface such as a capillary wall. Blood pressure is one example
Hydrostatic pressure
93
Hydrostatic pressure in cap =
BP
94
interstitial=
pressure of fluid
95
cap = 18 mmHg on...
venous side
96
swelling of tissue due to excessive interstitial fluid
edema
97
protein failure leads to...
kidney failure/ damage
98
AKA peripheral heart
calf muscle
99
volume increases in thoracic cavity when you inhale
respiratory pump
100
valves distribute weight through the
blood column
101
pressure gradient is lower in ___ structure
venous

anatomy chapter 1 (5 decks)

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