Chapter 20

Question 1

Uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells in a multicellular organisms ; bypass normal checkpoints in cell cycle;usually arise from one abnormal cell

Answer 1

Cancer

Question 2

Can a single mutation in a cell cause cancer

Answer 2

No

Question 3

Cancers arising from epithelial cells ( most common)

Answer 3

Carcinomas

Question 4

Cancers arising from connective tissues or muscle cells

Answer 4

Sarcomas

Question 5

Cancers that arise from cells in lymph nodes

Answer 5

Lymphomas

Question 6

Cancers that arise from bone marrow or blood cells

Answer 6

Leukemia

Question 7

When normal cells stop growing and proliferating when they are contacted on all sides with neighboring cells

Answer 7

Contact inhibition

Question 8

When cancer cells lose contact inhibition and can pile on top of each other this group of cells are called

Answer 8

Foci

Question 9

How does cancer utilize glucose different from how normal cells ?

Answer 9

They consume a lot more glucose and convert it into lactate even with presence of O2
Large consumption can aid in detection in body scans

Question 10

How does cancer prevent apoptosis

Answer 10

Accumulated mutations which promotes genetic instability

Question 11

Local Proliferation of cancer cells in initial stages form

Answer 11

Tumor or neoplasm

Question 12

Localized neoplasm that can be removed easily

Answer 12

Benign

Question 13

When cancer ( neoplastic) cells invade surrounding tissues

Answer 13

Malignant

Question 14

When cells malignant tumors can break away from the tumor and move to other parts of the body and form new tumors it’s called ?

Answer 14

Metastasis

Question 15

What involves cancer cells to successfully metastasize

Answer 15

Breaking free from previous tumor

Enter and exit blood stream
Colonize in different tissues

Question 16

genes that associate with cancer can be found one of two functions

Answer 16

Gain of function

Loss of function

Question 17

What is example of gain of function

Loss of function?

Answer 17

Proto- oncogenes
Ras

Tumor suppressor genes -p53

Question 18

These genes have to be activated in normal cells but are always activated in cancer cells

Answer 18

Protooncogenes

Question 19

These protein are usually involved in cell cycle checkpoints and pause the cell cycle ; both genes have to be turned off for cancer

Answer 19

Tumor suppressor genes - p53

Question 20

What are some factors that can inactivate tumor suppressor genes

Answer 20

Non disjunction

Mitotic recombination

Question 21

Oncogenes show more ______ mutations

Answer 21

Missense

Question 22

This tumor suppressor halts the cell cycle in response to DNA damage; it is down regulated In Many cancers

Answer 22

P53

Question 23

What are some chemical agents that can generate mutations in DNA

Answer 23

Benzene, arsenic , asbestos

Question 24

This virus can cause cancers in the uterine cervix

Answer 24

HPV

Question 25

How do some leukemia occur

Answer 25

Fusion of BCR and Abl gene

Question 26

What is the best targeted cancer treatment

Answer 26

Determine pathways that allow the cancer to persist —- Target specific pathways using chemical drugs that are specific in action Ras pathway Design drugs that do not allow cancer cells to suppress immune system