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MRI Preclinical Prep > chapter 20 ppt > Flashcards

chapter 20 ppt Flashcards

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1
Q

The first name, when a drug developed, is

likely the

A

chemical name

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2
Q

The simplified version or spin off of the chemical name is called what? Also know as what?

A

generic name or nonproprietary name

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3
Q

Examples of trade, generic and chemical names?

A

Trade name Motrin, chemical name ibuprofen

Trade name Tylenol, chemical name acetaminophen

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4
Q

3 ways to classify drugs is?

A

by name, action, legal classification

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5
Q

_______ : dispensed by licensed pharmacist

_______: not classified as a drug, not controlled by FDA. Ex. Vitamins, dietary sup

A

Prescription, Nonprescription

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6
Q

Dosage forms:
1. ____: Most Common: Can be enteric coated or
scored. Some may be extended release
2.____: Can be powdered or liquid drug contained
in a gelatin shell
3._____: Used for local or systemic effects. Local,
treat asthma/COPD: systemic, general anesthesia
4._____: Inserted into body orifice (dissolves)
5._____: one or more drugs dissolved in liquid carrier.
Rapidly absorbed. Administered orally or parenterally
6.______: one or more drugs in small
particles are suspended in liquid carrier. Not water soluble should be shaken before given. Suspension should never given administered
intravenously
7._______: Applied to skin surface
and absorbed into the bloodstream. Releases drugs over time. Metals in patch can overheat in MRI and cause burns.

A
  1. Tablet
  2. Capsule
  3. Inhalation
  4. Suppository
  5. Solution
  6. Suspension
  7. Transdermal patch
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7
Q

Through the skin

A

parenterally

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8
Q

enteric coated

A

coating on tablet that protects stomach

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9
Q

Classifications of drugs:

Drugs that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness.

A

Analgesics

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10
Q

2 categories of analgesics

A

opioids, non-opioids

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11
Q

define opioids, give examples and side effects

A

narcotics
examples: demerol, morphine
side effects: nausea, vomiting, constipation, dependency

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12
Q

define non-opioids, give examples and side effects

A

non-narcotic
examples: tylenol(acetaminophen)
side effects: no dependency

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13
Q

classifications of drugs:

Act on CNS to produce loss of sensation.

A

Anesthetics

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14
Q

2 types of Anesthetics

A

General and Local

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15
Q

define general Anesthetics and give 2 examples

A

You are asleep and monitored, inhalation or IV, major surgery, used in old days was ether, more modern is pentothal.

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16
Q

define local anesthetics

A

block nerve conduction to that part of the body.

Examples: Novacaine, Lidocaine.

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17
Q

classifications of drugs:

Treat anxiety. Act on the CNS- central nervous system to calm the patient.

A

Antianxiety Agents

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18
Q

give examples of antianxiety agents?

A

Valium, Versed: pre op drug for anxiety Xanax

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19
Q

classifications of drugs:

Used to treat heart arrhythmia. example: Cordarone

A

Antiarrhythymics

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20
Q

classifications of drugs:

Used to destroy or inhibit growth of microorganisms.

A

antibiotic

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21
Q

2 kinds of antibiotics

A

broad spectrum and narrow spectrum

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22
Q

define broad spectrum antibiotic and give examples

A

effective against large number of microorganisms.

Example, Z–pack, Cipro

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23
Q

define narrow spectrum antibiotic and give examples

A

effective against small number of microorganisms.

example: penicillin, erthyromyacin, amoxicilan

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24
Q

classifications of drugs:
Reduce smooth muscle tone, motility of gastrointestinal tract, and secretions of respiratory tract and secretory glands. May cause dry mouth, rapid heartbeat and delirium.

A

Anticholinergics (anti-spasmatic)

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25
example of anticholinergics
Atropine Will see on crash carts. inhibit secretions, prevent bradycardia -Barium enema: glucagon given(keeps intestine from spasms)
26
classifications of drugs: Slows down the coagulation time of blood. (inhibit clotting time) -Prevent thromboembolic disorders
Anticoagulants
27
examples of an anticoagulant
1. Heparin: Used in angiography, so catheter doesn’t collect blood clots on it when placed in vessel. Syringe of heparin on tray, radiologist will shoot some in now and then. Foreign bodies in blood stream tend to collect clots. Watch overdose....can have internal hemorrhage. Heparin is administered intravenously. Should not be administered intramuscular because can cause a hematoma. 2. Coumadin: Oral anti-coagulant
28
Classification of Drugs: | Drugs used to prevent or control seizures...either grand mal or petite mal. (they don’t treat cause of the seizure)
Anticonvulsants
29
define petit mal
“absence seizures”(brief loss and return of consciousness)
30
examples of anticonvulsants
Dilantin (Phenytoin) for “generalized (grand mal) seizures.” • -Depakote controls “absence seizures”(petit mal)
31
define grand mal
loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions
32
Classification of Drugs: Treatment of depression. (6-12 wks for effect) is called what? -Side effects can be nausea, vomiting, interaction with other meds
Antidepressants
33
define serotonin
makes synapse of the nerves more smooth. Low serotonin levels assoc. with depression
34
define SSRI and give examples
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used in treatment of depression and panic disorders examples: Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Lexapro
35
define thromboembolic disorders.
blocking blood vessels due to clot. side effect of anticoagulants
36
Classification of Drugs: | To control blood sugar levels.
Antidiabetic agents
37
examples of antidiabetics and side effects
Glyburide (Micronase), glipzide (Glucotrol) and metformin (Glucophage or Glucovance) and Pioglitazone (Actos). Interaction with contrast can cause renal failure.
38
Classification of Drugs: Drugs used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting.(give emesis) -Better to be given before onset of symptoms
Antiemetics
39
examples of antiemetics
Compazine and Zofran
40
Classification of Drugs: | Suppress or destroy fungi.
Antifungal Agents
41
Classification of Drugs: | Treat both acute(reactions) and chronic allergic disorders.
Antihistamines
42
2 groups of antihistamines
sedating and non-sedating
43
define Sedating and give example
(first generation). Example: Benadryl which will be on crash cart. If emergency then administered intramuscularly.
44
define non-sedating and give example
(second generation). Example: Claratin, Allegra orally for not as severe allergic disorders.
45
2 types of diabetes and examples of antidiabetics used
1. Type 1 or diabetic mellitus (DM) absence of insulin. 2. Type 2 insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. (hyperglycemia) Glyburide (Micronase), glipzide (Glucotrol) and metformin (Glucophage or Glucovance) and Pioglitazone (Actos). (helps control blood sugar levels)
46
Radiographers responsibilities
1. patient history 2. selection and preparation of contrast media 3. preparation for possible reaction: fully stocked emergency cart with epinephrine, CPR equipment, O2 and suction available
47
Classification of Drugs: Reduce lipid levels in blood stream. If build up of lipid levels, then can lead to condition called atherosclerosis. (Leading cause of death in US for both sexes). *cholesterol should not be over 200...blood test to find
Antihyperlipdemic Agents
48
One group of antihyperlipdemic’s, examples and side effects
statins - Two common drugs: Lipitor and Zocor. - Side Effects: constipation, abd. pain, and/or muscle pain.
49
Classification of Drugs: | Used to treat hypertension. (HBP). Often used with diuretics to treat high blood pressure.
Antihypertensives
50
examples of Antihypertensives
Tenormin (atenolol), Lopressor (metoprolol), Vasotec (enalapril).
51
reduces fluid in body
diuretics, used in combination with antihypertensive drugs
52
HBP
high blood pressure, hypertension
53
Classification of Drugs: Inhibit platelet build up in blood stream. Can cause bleeding. Often called what_______? Needed when you have MI(__________), strokes and TIA’s(_________).
Antiplatelets, also know as blood thinners | Myocardial infarction, Trans ischemic attack
54
Examples of antiplatelets:
Aspirin, Clopidogrel (Plavix), Abciximab (Repro).
55
Classification of Drugs: Treat psychiatric disorders (i.e. schizophrenia). Adverse effects are?
Antipsychotics, sedation and orthostatic hypertension.
56
Dizzy when you stand up or sit too fast is called what?
orthostatic hypertension
57
Example of antipsychotics
Haloperidol(Haldol)
58
Classification of Drugs: For peptic ulcers(both gastro and duodenal). Also used for GERD.
Antiulcer Agents
59
GERD means?
Gastro esophageal reflux disorder. Reflux of acid from stomach into esophagus
60
Peptic ulcers are from what? | not from stomach acid.
a bacteria called “Helicobacter Pylori”
61
Examples of Antiulcer Agents?
Zantac, Prevacid
62
Classification of Drugs: | Destroy or suppress growth of viruses.
Antiviral
63
Examples of viruses that antiviral drugs are used for?
herpes simplex, chicken pox, shingles, influenza, | infections with HIV.
64
Examples of antiviral drugs? And what do they treat?
Retrovir and AZT treat HIV infections
65
Classification of Drugs: | Treatment of asthma and COPD. They dilate what? Side effects are?
Bronchodilators, bronchioles, nervousness and tachycardia
66
COPD means what?
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
67
Example of a Bronchodilator?
Albuterol(Proventil)
68
Classification of Drugs: prevents too much uptake of acetylcholine, a major neurotransmitter. Used to treat what?
Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Alzheimer’s Disease
69
Classification of Drugs: | Control hemorrhage or speed up coagulation. Most are a manufactured form of what?
Coagulants, vitamin K
70
Classification of Drugs: | Treat both long term chronic inflammatory disorders and short term treatment of acute inflammatory disorders.
Corticosteroids
71
Examples of Corticosteroids?
Flovent(lungs) and Depro(joints)
72
Classification of Drugs: | Increase the amount of urine being excreted by the kidneys.
Diuretics
73
Diuretics are also used with what? Give an example of a diuretic?
antihypertensive drugs, Lasix
74
Emetics
Drugs used to produce emesis (vomiting)
75
Example of an Emetic drug?
Ipecac
76
Hormones
Drugs that act as to stimulate the functional | activity of endocrine system
77
Examples of Hormone drugs and what they do?
Premarin(hormone replacment), Tamoxifen(estrogen inhibitor), Estrogen blocker(stops breast cancer growth)
78
Laxatives
Can be used to prepare patients for procedures
79
Mood stabilizing drugs
prevent mood swings, treat manic depression and bipolar disorders
80
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
abbrevated NSAIDS, act as an analgesic, reduce fever and inflammation
81
Examples of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?
Ibuprofen(Motrin), Celebrex, can cause GI bleeding
82
Sedatives
Also called hypnotic, depresses the Central Nervous System, mild sedation to sleep, can lead to addictions
83
Example of sedative
Zolpidem(Ambien)
84
Stimulants
Increase function and/or activity of CNS and brain. | -Used for ADHD and narcolepsy.
85
Examples of stimulants?
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) for ADHD. (Adderall) and Dopamine (Intropin) often on crash cart to stimulate myocardium of heart and to prevent shock and hypertension
86
Thrombolytics
Dissolve clots
87
Example of thromolytic drug?
Alteplase(Activase), for myocardial infarction/stoke
88
Vasoconstrictor
Cause blood vessels to constrict
89
Example of vsoconstrictor drug?
norepinephrine
90
Vasodilators
Cause blood vessels to dilate, used for vascular disease and angina
91
Angina
heart pain
92
Examples of vasodilator drugs?
nitroglycerin, nitro patch, epinephrine
93
Drug families
drugs that have similar chemical actions. example is analgesics(relieve pain)
94
Legal Classification
prescription or non prescription
95
thromboembolic disorders
blocking blood vessels due to clot
96
What does serotonin do and what can happen if it is low?
* Low serotonin levels assoc. with depression | * Serotonin makes synapse of the nerves more smooth
97
ischemia
Not getting enough blood

MRI Preclinical Prep (2 decks)

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