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Stuarts - final > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What prompted the Political Nation to take action against James II and enact the Glorious Revolution?

A

The aims and policies of James II, promoting Catholicism above all else.

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2
Q

What did James reissue in July 1688?

A

His Declaration of Indulgence

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3
Q

When did James II reissue his Declaration of Indulgence?

A

April 1688

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4
Q

What did James announce would happen to his Declaration of Indulgence?

A

The Parliament due to assemble in November 1688 would make it law.

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5
Q

After reissuing his Declaration of Indulgence, what did James II order to happen?

A

He ordered clergy to read it from all Church of England pulpits in May and June 1688.

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6
Q

When did James want his Declaration of Indulgence read from all Church of England pulpits?

A

May and June 1688.

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7
Q

What did Archbishop William Sancroft and six bishops do in response to being ordered to read the Declaration of Indulgence from Church of England pulpits?

A

The petitioned James II asking not to be forced to read the Declaration of Indulgence.

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8
Q

What did James II do in response to being petitioned by the Archbishop and six bishops?

A

He locked them up in the Tower of London and put them on trial.

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9
Q

Who was the Archbishop that petitioned James II against reading the Declaration of Indulgence?

A

Archbishop William Sancroft

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10
Q

What was the outcome of the trial of Sancroft and the six bishops?

A

Despite James dismissing judges who were not sympathetic to him, the court still found all 7 of them not guilty, showing that only Parliament could repeal statutes.

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11
Q

What is the Crown’s suspending power?

A

The power of the monarch to suspend or repeal laws and statutes, and caused concerned when James II tried to use them to suspend the penal laws.

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12
Q

When did Archbishop Sancroft and six bishops petition James II?

A

May 1688

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13
Q

Who was James II’s wife?

A

The Catholic Mary of Modena

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14
Q

When was James’ son born?

A

10 June 1688

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15
Q

Why was the birth of James’ son an issue?

A

A Catholic line of succession had been established.

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16
Q

If James’ son had not been born, who would most likely be the next monarch?

A

James’ daughter Mary, married to William of Orange.

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17
Q

Who did William of Orange send to England to get an invitation to invade?

A

William Henry Zuylestien

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18
Q

Why did William of Orange want to invade England?

A

It would allow the Dutch to encircle France who were threatening to attack Holland.

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19
Q

When was William of Orange invited to invade England?

A

30 June 1688

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20
Q

What were the 5 Whigs and 2 Tories that inviting the Dutch invasion known as?

A

The Immortal Seven

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21
Q

What did William of Orange want to do in England?

A

He did not want to take the throne. He wanted to intervene in English politics and ensure England supported the Dutch Republic against Louis XIV.

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22
Q

When did William of Orange land in England?

A

5 November 1688

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23
Q

What was the general attitude of the population towards William’s invasion?

A

They did not want to get involved, reinforcing the fact that this was a revolution from above not below.

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24
Q

When did James send his wife and son to France?

A

9 December 1688

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25
Q

When did James leave London, forcing bishops and peers to support William since their king had ‘withdrawn himself’ from kinship?

A

11 December 1688

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26
Q

When were there anti-Catholic riots in London?

A

11-13 December 1688

27
Q

When did James flee to France?

A

23 December 1688

28
Q

When did the Assembly of Peers invite William to take over the government of England?

A

24 December 1688

29
Q

How many ships did William of Orange send to England?

A

463 ships, carrying 15,000 men.

30
Q

When did the Convention Parliament meet?

A

22 January 1689

31
Q

What did the Whigs argue for at the Convention Parliament?

A

That James had forfeited the crown and had ‘broken the fundamental laws of the constitution’.

32
Q

What did the Tories argue for at the Convention Parliament?

A

That James was only incapacitated and that William and Mary should only rule as regents.

33
Q

What is a regent?

A

A person appointed to administer a state because the monarch is unable to.

34
Q

When did William warn peers in a secret meeting?

A

That he would return to Holland unless he was made king.

35
Q

When was the secret meeting between William and peers?

A

3 February 1689

36
Q

What were the conditions the Lords placed on William when they made him king?

A
  • Mary would also be monarch although without any power.
  • If Mary died and William remarried, the children from his new marriage would be behind Anne, Mary’s sister, in the line of succession.
37
Q

What did the Declaration of Rights state?

A

That Catholics were never to inherit the Crown.

38
Q

When was William and Mary crowned king and queen of England and Ireland?

A

11 April 1689

39
Q

When was the Mutiny Act passed?

A

March 1689

40
Q

What did the Mutiny Act do?

A

Prevented the creation of any standing army without the consent of Parliament.

41
Q

When was the Toleration Act passed?

A

May 1689

42
Q

What did the Toleration Act do?

A

Exempted dissenters from penal laws if they took an oath of allegiance.

43
Q

When was the Bill of Rights passed?

A

January 1690

44
Q

What was the Bill of Rights?

A

A watered-down version of the Declaration of Rights.

45
Q

What did the new coronation oath that William and Mary swore to include?

A

That they would rule “according to the statutes in Parliament agreed on”.

46
Q

What did the new coronation oath show?

A

That the monarchs were beneath, not above, the rule of law.

47
Q

What was the size of the financial settlement agreed for William and Mary?

A

£1.2 million a year.

48
Q

When was the financial settlement for the Crown agreed?

A

20 March 1690

49
Q

When was the Million Loan Act passed?

A

1693

50
Q

When was the Bank of England established?

A

1694

51
Q

What did the Million Loan Act and the Bank of England give the Political Nation?

A

Secured financial and political control of the monarch and government.

52
Q

When did William and Mary accepted the Scottish throne?

A

11 May 1689

53
Q

What religious agreement did William make in Scotland when he took the crown?

A

To abolish bishops.

54
Q

What did William allow the Scots to do regarding religion?

A

He allowed for Presbyterian Church government.

55
Q

What was Ireland the centre of after William and Mary became monarchs?

A

The Jacobite resistance.

56
Q

What had Tyrconnell done in Ireland?

A

Established Catholic control of the country apart from Ulster.

57
Q

When was the Battle of the Boyne?

A

1 July 1690

58
Q

What was the Battle of the Boyne?

A

The battle between William and James II who tried to re-claim the throne.

59
Q

What was the result of the Battle of the Boyne?

A

James II lost and fled to France where he died in exile in 1701.

60
Q

When did James II land in Ireland with 3000 soldiers?

A

March 1689

61
Q

What did James II after landing in Ireland with his army?

A

He convened a parliament in Dublin.

62
Q

When did James II convene a parliament in Dublin?

A

May 1689

63
Q

What was the aim of James II’s Declaration of Indulgence?

A

Establish freedom of religion.

Stuarts - final (22 decks)

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