Chapter 21

Question 1

What is the function of elastic fibers and smooth muscle in the
tunica media of arteries?

Question 2

How are elastic arteries and muscular arteries different?

Question 3

What structural features of capillaries allow the exchange of
materials between blood and body cells?

Question 4

What is the difference between pressure reservoirs and blood
reservoirs? Why is each important?

Question 5

What is the relationship between anastomoses and collateral
circulation?

Question 6

How can substances enter and leave blood plasma?

Question 7

How do hydrostatic and osmotic pressures determine fluid
movement across the walls of capillaries?

Question 8

Define edema and describe how it develops.

Question 9

Explain how blood pressure and resistance determine volume
of blood flow.

Question 10

What is systemic vascular resistance and what factors contribute
to it?

Question 11

How is the return of venous blood to the heart accomplished?

Question 12

Why is the velocity of blood flow faster in arteries and veins
than in capillaries?

Question 13

What are the principal inputs to and outputs from the cardiovascular
center?

Question 14

Explain the operation of the carotid sinus reflex and the aortic reflex.

Question 15

What is the role of chemoreceptors in the regulation of blood pressure?

Question 16

16. How do hormones regulate blood pressure?

Question 17

17. What is autoregulation, and how does it differ in the systemic and pulmonary circulations?

Question 18

Where may the pulse be felt?

Question 19

19. What do tachycardia and bradycardia mean?

Question 20

20. How are systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured with a
    sphygmomanometer?

Question 21

21. Which symptoms of hypovolemic shock relate to actual body fluid loss, and which relate to the negative feedback systems that attempt to maintain blood pressure and blood flow?

Question 22

22. Describe the types of shock and their causes and how a person in hypovolemic shock should be treated.

Question 23

What is the purpose of systemic circulation?

Question 24

What general regions do each of the four principal divisions of the
aorta supply?

Question 25

Which branches of the coronary arteries supply the left ventricle? Why does the left ventricle have such an extensive arterial blood supply?

Question 26

What general regions do the arteries that arise from the arch of the aorta supply?

Question 27

What general regions do the visceral and parietal branches of the thoracic aorta supply?

Question 28

Name the paired visceral and parietal branches and the unpaired visceral and parietal branches of the abdominal aorta, and indicate the general regions they supply.

Question 29

What general regions do the internal and external iliac arteries supply?

Question 30

What are the three tributaries of the coronary sinus?

Question 31

Which general areas are drained by the internal jugular, external jugular, and vertebral veins?

Question 32

Where do the cephalic, basilic, median antebrachial, radial, and ulnar veins originate?

Question 33

What is the importance of the azygos system relative to the inferior vena cava?

Question 34

What structures do the lumbar, gonadal, renal, suprarenal, inferior phrenic, and hepatic veins drain?

Question 35

What is the clinical importance of the great saphenous veins? (dont answer this one

Answer 35

Dont answer this one

Question 36

Diagram the hepatic portal circulation and describe its importance

Question 37

Explain why pulmonary circulation is important.