Chapter 2.1

Question 1

________ is defined by E.B. Taylor as “the sum total of ideas, beliefs, values, material cultural equipment and non-material aspects which man makes as a member of society.

Answer 1

Culture

Question 2

In attempting to lay out the various meanings attached to the word “culture,” _____ refers to the important anthropological work, _________.

Answer 2

Clifford Geertz, Clyde Kluckhohn’s Mirror for Man

Question 3

Culture has been a highly successful ________ for our species. It has given us a major selective advantage in the competition for survival with other life forms.

Answer 3

Culture is an adaptive mechanism.

Question 4

Since culture is non-instinctive, we are not genetically programmed to learn a particular one.

Answer 4

Culture is learned.

Question 5

Cultural evolution is due to the ______ effect of culture. The progressively larger human population was very likely both a consequence and a cause of accelerating cultural growth.

Answer 5

Culture is cumulative.

Question 6

While new cultural traits are added, some old ones are lost because they are no longer useful.

Answer 6

Culture is stable yet dynamic.

Question 7

The common response in all societies to other cultures is to judge them in terms of the values and customs of their own familiar culture.

Answer 7

Culture is a group product.

Question 8

Culture tells us how we should dress based on our gender, but it allows us to dress in different ways in different situations in order to communicate varied messages and statuses.

Answer 8

Culture is varied.

Question 9

It is highly unlikely that there are any societies still existing in total isolation from the outside world. Even small, out-of-the-way tribal societies are now being integrated to some extent into the global economy.

Answer 9

Culture no longer exists in isolation, it is organized and integrated and transmitted from generation to generation.

Question 10

Components of Culture

Answer 10

Symbols, Language, Folkways/Rituals, and Norms & Mores

Question 11

Are anything that gives meaning to the culture.

Answer 11

Symbols

Question 12

A system of organized symbols which allows communication with others particularly the dialect in the western ______ is an example.

Answer 12

Language

Question 13

Are customary ways of doing things. Sometimes it is also called “repetitive ways of doing things”.

Answer 13

Folkways

Question 14

This part of culture is the heritage that serves as a reference for our actions.

Answer 14

Values and Beliefs

Question 15

Are abstract concepts of what is important and worthwhile.

Answer 15

Values

Question 16

Are the faith or trust of an individual

Answer 16

Beliefs

Question 17

In every culture, we are expected to behave in a specific way.

Answer 17

Norms & Mores

Question 18

Refer to the standard set by society while social deviation is an alleged break to the social order.

Answer 18

Norms

Question 19

Norms also, but with moral undertones.

Answer 19

Mores

Question 20

These are institutionalized norms and mores that were enacted by the state.

Answer 20

Laws

Question 21

Two Kinds of Culture

Answer 21

Non-material Culture and Material Culture

Question 22

Constitutes the tangible things created by members of the society ranging from clothing to ornaments.

Answer 22

Material Culture

Question 23

The intangible world of ideas created by members of society that span a wide range of ideas from beliefs to religion.

Answer 23

Non-material Culture

Question 24

Functions of Culture

Answer 24

PPT

Question 25

It refers to the differentiation of culture all over the world which means there is no right or wrong culture but there is an appropriate culture for the needs of a specific group of people.

Answer 25

Cultural Diversity

Question 26

Refers to a smaller culture within a larger culture.

Answer 26

Subculture

Question 27

Refers to the feeling or belief that one’s culture is better than the rest.

Answer 27

Ethnocentrism

Question 28

Refers to the belief that one’s culture is inferior compared to others.

Answer 28

Xenocentrism

Question 29

Social patterns mandated by cultural values and norms.

Answer 29

Ideal Culture

Question 30

Actual patterns that only approximate cultural expectations.

Answer 30

Real Culture

Question 31

Refers to the cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite.

Answer 31

High Culture

Question 32

Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population.

Answer 32

Popular Culture

Question 33

It refers to the manner by which culture evolves.

Answer 33

Cultural Change

Question 34

Refers to the transfer or spread of cultural traits from one area to another brough about by change agents such as people or the media.

Answer 34

Cultural Diffusion

Question 35

Refers to the cultural patterns that are strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society.

Answer 35

Counter-culture

Question 36

When some parts of the society do not change as fast as other parts and they are left behind.

Answer 36

Cultural Lag

Question 37

Inability to read meaning in one’s surroundings, feeling of loss and isolation, unsure to act because of being outside the symbolic web of culture that binds others.

Answer 37

Culture Shock