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LECOM pharm > chapter 21 and CLI quiz drugs > Flashcards

chapter 21 and CLI quiz drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what determines the adequacy of perfusion of the tissues of the body

A

vascular tone

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2
Q

when does ischemia occur

A

when decreased perfusion leads to an O2 deficit

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3
Q

when does hypoxia occur

A

when there is O2 deprivation despite adequate perfusion

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4
Q

what is the common treatment for angina pectoris

A

nitroglycerin

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5
Q

what effect does acetylcholine have when applied directly to de-endothelialized blood vessels

A

vasoconstriction

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6
Q

what effect does acetylcholine have when applied to normally endothelialized vessels

A

vasodilation

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7
Q

what is the main isoform involved with cardiovascular actions and is produced by endothelial cells

A

ET-1

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8
Q

what do ETa receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells mediate

A

vasoconstriction

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9
Q

what does ETb predominately mediate

A

vasodilation via release of prostacyclin and NO

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10
Q

what does activation of alpha1- adrenergic receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells cause

A

vasoconstriction

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11
Q

what does activation of beta2-adrenergic receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells induce

A

vasodilation

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12
Q

what is the equation for blood flow

A

perfusion pressure/resistance

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13
Q

what inhibitors prevent cGMP hydrolysis and thereby promote myosin light chain dephosphorylation, especially in smooth muscle of corpus calcium erosion

A

cGMP phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors

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14
Q

how do calcium channel blockers cause vasodilation

A

by reducing intracellular calcium concentration

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15
Q

what do hydrazine and beta-adrenergic antagonists modulate

A

vascular tone

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16
Q

how can excessive decrease in mean arterial pressure manifest

A

dizziness, lightheadedness, and occasionally overt syncome

17
Q

what is the half life of NTG

A

40 minutes

18
Q

what is the half life of isosorbide dinitrate

A

1 hour

19
Q

what patients are nitrates contraindicated in

A

patients with hypotension and those with elevated intracranial pressure

20
Q

what is PDE5 prescribed for

A

erectile dysfunction

21
Q

what patients are PDE5 contraindicated in

A

those taking organic nitrate vasodilators

22
Q

what do dihydropyridines bind to

A

N binding site

23
Q

what do benzothiazepine bind to

A

D binding site

24
Q

what does phenylalkylamines bind to

A

V binding site

25
Q

where is nifedipine (dihydropyridine) excreted by

A

kidney

26
Q

where is verapamil (phenylalkylamines) excreted by

A

kidney

27
Q

where is diltiazem (benzothiazepine) excreted by

A

liver

28
Q

where is bosentan a competitive inhibitor

A

at Eta and Ebb receptors

29
Q

what is bosentan approved for use of treatment of

A

pulmonary hypertension

30
Q

what is the major adverse effect of bosentan

A

elevation in serum transaminase levels

31
Q

what odes hydrazine appear to prevent

A

development of nitrate tolerance

32
Q

what does prazosin do

A

blocks alpha-adrenergic receptors

33
Q

what is the principle use of terazosin

A

inhibits contraction of nonvascular smooth muscle

34
Q

what is the mechanism of action of aspirin

A

inhibits platelet cycloxygenase, thereby blocking thromboxane A2, and inhibiting platelet granule release reaction and platelet aggregation

35
Q

what is the mechanism of action of clopidogrel

A

covalently modify platelet ADP receptor, thereby preventing receptor signaling and irreversibly inhibiting ADP-dependent platelet activation pathway

36
Q

what is the mechanism of action of unfractionated heparin

A

combines with antithrombin III and inhibits secondary hemostasis via non-selective inactivation of thrombin, factor Xa, IXa, XIa, and XIIa

37
Q

what is the mechanism of action of LMW heparin

A

combine with antithrombin III and inhibit secondary hemostasis via relatively selective inactivation of factor Xa

38
Q

what is the mechanism of action of t-PA

A

proteolytically activate plasminogen to form plasmin, which digests fibrin to fibrin degradation products

39
Q

what is the mechanism of action of warfarin

A

inhibit hepatic epoxide reductase that catalyzes the regeneration of reduced vitamin K, which is required for synthesis of biologically active coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S

LECOM pharm (3 decks)

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