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micr finals review > Chapter 21 - Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 21 - Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

septicemia

A

any microbial infection of the blood that produces an illness

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2
Q

bacteremia

A

bacterial septicemia

-often harmless

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3
Q

toxemia

A

release of bacterial toxins into the blood

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4
Q

lymphangitis

A

infection + inflammation of lymphatic vessels

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5
Q

*Septicemia, Bacteremia, + Toxemia

pathogens

A

Septicemia + Toxemia caused by various bacteria

  • -septi is most caused by Gram-neg
  • often opportunistic + nosocomial infections
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6
Q

*Septicemia, Bacteremia, + Toxemia

signs + symptoms

A
  • fever, chill, nausea, vomit, diarrhea, malaise, disseminated intravascular clotting, hypotension
  • -PETECHIAE
  • -toxemia symptoms vary on the toxin
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7
Q

*Petechiae

A

small hemorrhagic lesions

-can develop fr *Septicemia, Bacteremia, + Toxemia

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8
Q

*toxemia symptoms based on toxin type

A

*EXOTOXIN - released fr living microbes

ENDOTOXIN - released fr gram-neg

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9
Q

*Septicemia, Bacteremia, + Toxemia

virulence factors

A
  • bacteria that produce capsule may resist phagocytosis

- siderophores to capture iron needed for bacterial growth`

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10
Q

Septicemia, Bacteremia, + Toxemia

epidemiology

A
  • septicemia due to direct inoculation of bacteria into the blood
  • immunocompetent individuals rarely have septicemia (bacterial infections are self-limited)
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11
Q

*which type of bacteria produces more severe septicemia?

A

GRAM-NEG

  • due to release of ENDOTOXIN
  • activates various defensive rxn by the body
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12
Q

Septicemia, Bacteremia, + Toxemia

diagnosis

A

signs + symptoms

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13
Q

*Septicemia, Bacteremia, + Toxemia

treatment + *prevention

A

T- prompt diagnosis + antimicrobial drugs

P-includes immediate treatment of infections
*–important in individuals w compromised immune systm

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14
Q

4 potential effects of Endotoxin [Lipid A of LPS]

A

1 Fever
2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation [DIC]
3 Inflammation
4 Shock

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15
Q

Shock from Endotoxins is caused by…

A

inflammation,

plasma loss, reduction of BP

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16
Q

*Endocarditis

Pathogen

A

viridans streptococci cause almost half of the cases

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17
Q

*Endocarditis

Pathogenesis + epidemiology

A
  • patients usually have obvious source of infection
  • -patients w abnormal hearts have increased risk
  • -results in vegetation in heart valves
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18
Q

*Endocarditis

Treatment + *prevention

A

T-treat w IV antibacterial drugs

*P- prophylactic antibiotics for high-risk patients when needed

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19
Q

Endocarditis

signs + symptoms

Study These Flashcards
A

fever, fatigue, malaise, tachycardia (fast heart rate)

20
Q

*Lyme Disease

signs + symptoms

Study These Flashcards
A

3 phases in untreated patients:
1 bull’s eye rash at infection site
2 neurological symptoms
3 severe arthritis

21
Q

*Lyme Disease

pathogen

Study These Flashcards
A 
Borrelia Burgdorferi 
(Spirochete)
22
Q

Lyme Disease

virulence factors

Study These Flashcards
A
  • use of manganese instead of iron circumvents host defense

- avoids immune detection by altering membrane proteins

23
Q

most reported vectore-borne disease in U.S.

24
Q

2 events that contribute to an increase in lyme disease

Study These Flashcards
A

1 mvmt of human population into woodland areas

2 protection of deer population

25
Lyme Disease treatment + prevention
T-antimicrobial drugs used in early phase --treatment in later phase is difficult P-repellants containing DEET + protective clothing
26
Infectious Mononucleosis aka kissing disease Pathogen
Epstein-Barr virus [EBV or HHV-4] -establishes latent infection in host
27
*Infectious Mononucleosis epidemiology
* -transmission occurs via saliva * -occurs more in teens/young adults - most adults have antibodies - EBV infects B lymph
28
Infectious Mononucleosis diagnosis, treatment, +prevention
D-large lobed B cells + neutropenia T-focus on relieving symptoms P-difficult since EBV is widespread
29
Infectious Mononucleosis signs + symptoms
- severe sore throat + fever occur initially | - followed by swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, + appetite loss
30
*Cytomegalovirus pathogen
cytomegalovirus
31
*Cytomegalovirus signs + symptoms
* -complications in neonates +immunodeficient individuals | - asymptomatic in most cases
32
*Cytomegalovirus epidemiology
* -transmits by DIRECT CONTACT w bodily fluids + TRANSPLACENTALLY - one of the most common infections of humans
33
*Cytomegalovirus pathogenesis
- teratogenic, primarily hearing loss which makes dvlpt of vaccine to protect pregnant women necessary - vertical transmission to fetus via placenta
34
*teratogenic
agent that can cause birth defects
35
*African Viral Hemorrhagic Fever [Ebola] pathogen
Ebolavirus or Marburgvirus *filamentous shaped virus
36
African Viral Hemorrhagic Fever [Ebola] signs + symptoms
- fever, fatigue | - minor petechiae progress to severe internal hemorrhaging
37
*African Viral Hemorrhagic Fever [Ebola] epidemiology
- occurs primarily in Africa (endemic) | - transmits via CONTACT w bodily fluids of infected individuals
38
African Viral Hemorrhagic Fever [Ebola] diagnosis, treatment, + prevention
D-symptoms + presence of virus in blood T-fluid+electrolyte replacement P-vaccines are being studied for efficacy
39
*Malaria pathogen
4 Plasmodium species | -disease severity depends on the species
40
*Malaria signs + symptoms
* -associated w parasite's life cycle w/in erythrocytes - fever + chills occur on a 2-3 day cycle - anemia, weakness, fatigue
41
Malaria Virulence Factors
- reproductive cycle hides parasite from immune surveillance - malaria secretome injects toxins into host cells - adhesins allowRBC to adhere to certain tissues - merozoites form w/in vesicles + avoid detection - changes in body chem attracts other mosquitos
42
*which pathogen causes the most severe malaria?
plasmodium falciparum
43
*Malaria epidemiology
endemic in tropics + subtropics
44
Malaria diagnosis + treatment
D-plasmodium in blood T-varies by species + disease severity --some plasmodium strains are resistant to antimalarial drugs
45
*Malaria prevention
requires control of mosquitos
46
Lyme Disease diagnosis
signs + sympt -bacteria is rarely detected in blood

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