Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KIN 335 > Chapter 21 - Training for Anaerobic and Aerobic Power > Flashcards

Chapter 21 - Training for Anaerobic and Aerobic Power Flashcards

1
Q

What are common vital signs?

A
  • Temperature
  • Pulse
  • Respiratory Rate
  • Blood Pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some uncommon vital signs?

A
  • Pain
  • Blood Glucose
  • Functional Status
  • Shortness of Breath
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an emerging vital sign?

A
  • Cardiorespiratory Fitness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the cohort that were followed for the study on cardiorespiratory fitness as an indicator of long-term mortality risk?

A
  • 122k people
  • stratified by age-sex-matched cardiorespiratory fitness
  • symptom-limited exercise treadmill testing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was the adjusted mortality risk of reduced performance on exercise treadmill testing comparable to?

A
  • traditional clinical risk factors (CAD, smoking)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was the upper limit of benefit of increased aerobic fitness on mortality risk?

A
  • There was none
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the take-away from the study on cardiorespiratory fitness and long-term mortality?

A
  • Cardiorespiratory fitness is a modifiable indicator of long-term mortality
  • Health care professionals should encourage patients to achieve and maintain high levels of fitness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 principles of exercise training?

A
  • Overload
  • Specificity
  • Individual Differences
  • Reversibility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the overall objective of exercise training?

A

Stimulate
- Structural adaptation
- Functional Adaptations
- Improve performance in specific physical tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is the basic approach to physiological conditioning similar for men and women?

A
  • YES
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does achieving appropriate overload require?

A

Manipulating Training:
- Frequency
- Intensity
- Duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who does the concept of individualized and progressive overload apply to?

A
  • Athletes
  • Sedentary Persons
  • Disabled Persons
  • Cardiac Patients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you acquire health-related benefits from regular exercise?

A
  • High Volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you improve aerobic capacity with regular exercise?

A
  • High intensity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does exercise training specificity refer to?

A
  • Adaptations in metabolic and physiological function that depends upon the type and mode of overload imposed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most effective evaluation of sport-specific performance?

A
  • When measurement closely simulates actual activity and/or muscle mass/movement patters the sport requires
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the classifications of physical activity based on duration of all-out effort?

A
  • Strength-Power
  • Sustained Power
  • Anaerobic Power-endurance
  • Aerobic Endurance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the Strength-Power classification of physical activity

A

Duration
- 4s
Energy Source
- ATP in muscle
Example
- Power lift, high jump, javelin throw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the Sustained Power Physical Activity Classification

A

Duration
- 10s
Energy Source
- ATP
- PCr
Examples
- Sprints, Fast Breaks, Football Line Play

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the Anaerobic Power-endurance physical activity classification

A

Duration
- 10s - 1.5min
Energy Source
- ATP
- PCr
- Lactate
Examples
- 200-400m dash, 100m swim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the Aerobic Endurance physical activity classification

A

Duration
- more than 3min
Energy Source
- Electron Transport-Oxidative Phosphorylation
Examples
- Beyond 800m run

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What must overload do when training for specific aerobic activities?

A
  • engage appropriate muscles
  • Exercise at a sufficient level to stress the cardiovascular system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is seen when measuring aerobic capacity for an exercise dissimilar to one the athlete trained in?

A
  • Limited improvements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does specific overload of muscles with endurance training enhance performance?

A

Facilitates ____ by trained muscles
- O2 transport
- O2 Extract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where do adaptations occur when training?

A
  • In specifically trained muscles
  • Apparent in exercise that activates that musculature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why does greater blood flow to specific muscles after training happen?

A
  • Increased microcirculation
  • More effective redistribution of cardiac output
  • Combined effect of both factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is an example of training specificity?

A
  • 15men: swim 1hr/day, 3time/week, for 10 weeks at HR of 85-95%
  • Large increase in VO2max and Max Swim Time
  • Small increase in VO2max and Max Run Time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When do optimal training benefits occur?

A
  • When exercise programs focus on individual needs and participants’ capacities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Describe the reversibility Principle

A
  • Detraining occurs rapidly when stopping training
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How quickly can detraining occur following termination of training program?

A
  • only 1-2 weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe the time frame of detraining following the termination of a training program

A

1-2 Weeks
- reduced metabolic capacity
- reduced exercise capacity
Several months
- Most improvements fully lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the Anaerobic system changes that occur with training?

A

Increased
- anaerobic substrates
- quantity/activity key enzymes
- capacity to generate high level blood lactate during all-out exercise
- levels of glycogen/glycolytic enzymes
- motivation/tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What changes happen to the aerobic system with training?

A
  • Ventilation-Aeration
  • Central Blood Flow
  • Active Muscle Metabolism
  • Peripheral Blood Flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What changes to the ventilation-aeration system happen with aerobic training?

A
  • Minute Ventilation
  • Perfusion Ratio
  • Oxygen Diffusion Capacity
  • Hb-O2 Affinity
  • Arterial Oxygen Saturation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What changes to the Central Blood Flow occur due to aerobic training?

A
  • Cardiac Output (HR, Stroke Volume)
  • Arterial Blood Pressure
  • Oxygen Transport Capacity (Hb)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What changes to the Active Muscle Metabolism occur due to aerobic training?

A
  • Enzymes and Oxidative Potential
  • Energy Stores/Substrate Availabilty
  • Myoglobin Concentration
  • Mitochondria Size/Number
  • Active Muscle Mass
  • Muscle Fiber Type
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What changes to the Peripheral Blood Flow occur due to Aerobic Training?

A
  • Flow to nonactive regions
  • Arterial Vascular Reactivity
  • Muscle Blood Flow
  • Muscle Capillary Density
  • O2 Diffusion
  • Muscle Vascular Conductance
  • O2 Extraction
  • Hb-O2 affinity
  • Venous Compliance/reactivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the Fick Equation?

A

VO2 = Cardiac Output x (a-v)O2 Difference
Cardiac Output = HR x SV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What changes max HR? What does not?

A

Does
- Age
Does Not
- Training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What changes to the Fick Equation occur due to cardiovascular adaptations?

A
  • Stroke Volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What changes to the Fick Equations occur due to Respiratory and Muscular Adaptation?

A
  • (a-vO2 difference)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What does aerobic training improve in skeletal muscle?

A
  • Capacity for O2 metabolism (respiratory) control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What do endurance-trained skeletal muscle contain compared to less active fibers?

A
  • Larger and more mitochondria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How much does mitochondrial enzymes increase with aerobic training?

A
  • 50%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

How does intramuscular fatty acid oxidation increase from Aerobic Training?

A
  • Greater blood flow in trained muscle
  • More fat-mobilizing/metabolizing enzymes
  • Enhanced muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity
  • Decreased catecholamine release for same absolute power output
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Why does Greater blood flow within trained muscle increase intramuscular fatty acid oxidation?

A
  • Increase O2 delivery
  • Increase metabolic by-product removal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Why do more fat-mobilizing and fat-metabolizing enzymes increase intramuscular fatty acid oxidation?

A
  • increase fat catabolism/oxidation
  • More ATP from fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Why does enhanced muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity increase intramuscular fatty acid oxidation?

A
  • Increase oxidize CHO heavy exercise
  • E-transport chain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Why does decreased catecholamine release for the same of absolute power output increase intramuscular fatty acid oxidation?

A
  • Decreased Sympathetic NS activity
  • CHO ‘sparing’ effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What does aerobic training do to carbohydrate use during maximal exercise? what about fats during submaximal?

A

Carbs
- Enhance capacity to oxidize
Fats
- increased fatty acid combustion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What does the reduced use of carbs and increased use of fats for energy during submaximal exercise do?

A
  • Decreased muscle glycogen use
  • Reduced glucose production (glycogenolysis)
  • Reduced use of plasma-borne glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What happens to all fiber types in aerobic training?

A
  • enhanced metabolic adaptations
  • maximize existing aerobic potential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What muscle fiber types do endurance athletes have?

A
  • Larger Slow-twitch than fast-twitch for the same muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Describe Athlete’s Heart

A

With long-term aerobic training:
- Heart mass/volume in left-ventricular increase
- Increase end-diastolic volumes during rest/exercise
- Eccentric/concentric Hypertrophy
- Average 25% larger heart than sedentary

55
Q

What impacts cardiac size and structure?

A
  • Training Duration
56
Q

What occurs to plasma volume following 3-6 aerobic training sessions?

A
  • 12-20% increase
57
Q

What do plasma volume increases do for exercise?

A

Enhance
- circulatory reserve
Increase
- end-diastolic volume
- stroke volume
- O2 transport
- VO2max
- Temperature Regulation

58
Q

How fast does blood volume return to resting levels following detraining?

A
  • 1 Week
59
Q

What does training do to intrinsic firing rates of the sinoatrial nodal pacemaker tissue?

A
  • Decreases it
60
Q

What does decreasing intrinsic firing rates of the sinoatrial nodal pacemaker tissue do?

A

Contributes to:
- Resting/submaximal exercise bradycardia

61
Q

What is the average submaximal heart rate decrease following endurance training?

A
  • 12-15 beats/min
62
Q

What is the decrease in resting heart rate following endurance training?

A
  • smaller compared to submax exercise
63
Q

What does the reduction in heart rate during submax exercise and during rest coincide with?

A
  • increased max stroke volume and cardiac output
64
Q

What factors cause the heart’s stroke volume to increase following endurance training?

A

Increased
- internal left-ventricular volume and mass
- diastolic filling time
Improved
- intrinsic cardiac contractile function
Reduced
- Cardiac/Arterial stiffness

65
Q

Where does the greatest stroke volume increase during upright exercise occur?

A
  • Transition from rest to moderate exercise
66
Q

Where does the maximum stroke volume occur in untrained?

A
  • 40-50% VO2max
67
Q

For untrained, what happens to stroke volume during the transition from rest to exercise?

A
  • small increase
68
Q

For endurance athletes, why does HR and Stroke Volume increase?

A
  • to increase cardiac output
69
Q

What is the most significant cardiovascular adaptation with aerobic training? What causes it?

A

Significant
- Increase Max Cardiac Output
Caused by:
- Increase Stroke Volume

70
Q

In trained athletes, how does cardiac output increase compared to VO2 throughout the major portion of exercise intensity?

A
  • Linearly
71
Q

What does a training-induced reduction in submaximal cardiac output reflect?

A
  • more effective redistribution of blood flow
  • Trained muscles’ enhanced capacity to generate ATP aerobically at a lower tissue PO2
72
Q

What does aerobic training do to the quantity of O2 extracted from circulating blood?

A
  • Increases
73
Q

Why does aerobic training increase the quantity of O2 extracted from circulating blood?

A
  • more effective cardiac output distribution to active muscles
  • enhance the capacity of trained muscle to extract/process available O2
74
Q

What happens to a trained individual’s blood flow during submaximal exercise?

A
  • Lower cardiac output
  • slightly lower muscle blood flow
75
Q

What is the reason for lower cardiac output and slightly lower muscle blood flow in submaximal exercise with training?

A

Rapid training-induced changes in - - vasoactive properties of large arteries
- local resistance vessels within skeletal and cardiac muscle
- muscle cell changes that enhance oxidative capacity

76
Q

What happens to blood flow in maximal exercise for trained individuals?

A
  • larger max cardiac output
  • greater blood flow distribution to muscle from nonactive areas
  • Enlargement of cross-sectional areas of arteries and veins
  • 20% increase in capillarization/g muscle
77
Q

What kind of myocardial blood flow vascular modifications occur with training?

A
  • Increase in cross-sectional area of proximal coronary arteries
  • possible arteriolar proliferation and longitudinal growth
  • recruitment of collateral vessels
  • increased capillary density
  • increase coronary blood flow
  • increase capillary exchange capacity from structural remodeling to improve vascularization
  • more effective control of vascular resistance
  • more effective blood distribution within myocardium
78
Q

What does regular aerobic training do to blood pressure during rest and submaximal exercise?

A
  • Reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure
79
Q

Where does the largest reduction in blood pressure occur from training?

A

Systolic Pressure
- particularly in hypertensive subjects

80
Q

What increases from increased tidal volume and breathing rate as VO2max increases?

A
  • Maximum Exercise VE
81
Q

What does a reduced VE/VO2 during submaximal exercise do?

A
  • Lowers % total exercise O2 cost attributable to breathing
82
Q

How does a lower % of total exercise O2 cost attributed to breathing enhance exercise endurance?

A
  • Reduces fatigue of the ventilatory muscles
  • Oxygen freed from use by respiratory muscles becomes available to active locomotor muscles
83
Q

What happens when training increases tidal volume and decreases breathing frequency?

A
  • increases O2 extraction from inspired air
84
Q

How does training enhance sustained VE?

A
  • Enhances ability to sustain high levels of submaximal VE
85
Q

What does training do to inspiratory muscles?

A

Increase
- capacity
- force
- ability to sustain pressure

86
Q

How does trainings effect on inspiratory muscles benefit exercise performance?

A
  • Reduce respiratory work
  • Reduce lactate production by ventilatory muscles during prolonged intense exercise
  • Enhance ventilatory muscle metabolism of lactate for fuel
87
Q

What are four additional aerobic training adaptations?

A
  • Favourable body composition changes
  • More efficient body heat transfer
  • Enhanced performance
  • Positive psychological benefits
88
Q

What are five positive psychological benefits seen from aerobic training?

A

Reduced
- state of anxiety
- neuroticism
- psychological stress
Improved
- mood
- self-esteem

89
Q

What four factors affect the level of aerobic training responses?

A
  • Initial Aerobic Fitness Level
  • Intensity
  • Frequency
  • Duration
90
Q

Describe how the initial level of aerobic fitness can impact training responses

A
  • Low at start has considerable room for improvement
  • High at start, improvement remains relatively small
  • Aerobic fitness, improvement with endurance training range between 5-25%
91
Q

What do training-induced adaptations rely on?

A
  • Overload Intensity
92
Q

What are some ways to express intensity? (7)

A
  • Energy Expended per unit time (kcal/min)
  • Absolute exercise level or power output (200W)
  • Relative Metabolic Level (% of VO2max)
  • Lactate Threshold
  • HR or %HRmax
  • Multiples of resting metabolic rate (nMETs)
  • Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
93
Q

Is it effective to exercise at or slightly above lactate threshold?

A
  • Yes
94
Q

Explain the distinction between %HRmax and Lactate Threshold

A

%HRmax
- establishes level of exercise stress to overload central circulation
Lactate threshold
- Reflects capacity of peripheral vasculature
- Active muscle to sustain steady-rate aerobic metabolism

95
Q

What does endurance training do to blood lactate levels during exercise? what is the result?

A

Lowers blood lactate accumulation
- extends exercise duration of increasing intensity

96
Q

How does endurance training extend exercise duration at increasing intensities?

A

Reduce Lactate accumulation by:
- Decrease lactate formation
- Increase lactate clearance

97
Q

What are the two goals of endurance training?

A
  • Develop functional capcity of central circulation
  • Enhance aerobic capacity of specific muscles
98
Q

What does endurance training do to develop function capacity of central circulation?

A
  • Improve Delivery of oxygen via red blood cells
99
Q

What does endurance training do to enhance aerobic capacity of the specific trained muscles?

A
  • Improves release of oxygen to active muscles
100
Q

What does, as little as 6 session of, near all-out effort over a 2-week time do?

A

Increase
- skeletal muscle oxidative capacity
- enhance performance

101
Q

What four factors impact interval training prescription?

A
  • Intensity
  • Duration
  • Length of Recovery Interval
  • Number of repetitions of exercise-relief intervals
102
Q

What two types of enzymes change following interval training?

A

Increases
- Glycolytic Enzyme activity
- TCA Enzyme activity

103
Q

What two glycolytic enzymes increase following interval training?

A
  • Hexokinase
  • Phosphofructokinase
104
Q

What three TCA Enzyme activity Increase post interval training?

A
  • MDH: Malate Dehydrogenase
  • SDH: Succinate Dehydrogenase
  • CS: Citrate Synthase
105
Q

Describe Continuous Training

A
  • Steady-paced
  • Prolonged exercise
  • Moderate or high-intensity
  • Usually 60-80% max
106
Q

What must be met during continuous training to ensure aerobic adaptations?

A
  • Threshold
107
Q

What is Continuous exercise training a good fit?

A
  • Novices: large caloric expenditure for weight loss
  • Endurance Athletes: Same intensity as competition
108
Q

Describe Fartlek Training

A
  • Swedish for speed play
  • Alternate running fast and slow speeds over hills
  • Scheme based on how it feels
  • Gauged based on RPE
109
Q

What does Fartlek Training provide?

A
  • Ideal General conditioning
  • Ideal off-season training
  • Freedom and Variety of workouts
110
Q

Define MICT

A

Moderate Intensity Continuous Training:
- Exercise performed continuous manner
- Lower intensity than HIIT

111
Q

Describe HIIT

A

High-Intensity Interval Training
- Near maximal effort
- Elicits 80% max HR
- Rest Periods

112
Q

Describe SIT

A

Sprint Interval Training
- VO2max Intensity
- All-out effort
- REst periods

113
Q

What skeletal muscle adaptations occur from interval training?

A
  • Mitochondrial response: enzyme levels; electron transport chain complexes
  • Changes each fiber type
  • Muscle capillary density
114
Q

What Cardiovascular Adaptations occur from interval training?

A
  • Changes in VO2max
  • Adaptations in stroke volume/cardiac output
115
Q

What regulates substrate metabolism during submaximal exercise?

A
  • skeletal muscle mitochondrial density
116
Q

What does an increase in mitochondrial content promote?

A
  • Increase reliance on fat oxidation
  • Proportional decrease in carb oxidation
117
Q

What techniques are used for investigating the effects of exercise on skeletal muscle mitochondria?

A
  • Changes in signaling proteins
  • Gene Expression
  • Mitochondrial protein synthesis rate
  • Enzyme content
  • Volume of mitochondria (microscope)
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity
118
Q

How quickly can Citrate Synthase Activity increase after HIIT or SIT sessions?

A
  • 24hr after 1 session
119
Q

What does the mitochondria response to exercise training permit?

A

Rapid Response
- Short-term studies possible

120
Q

How much does Citrate Synthase and Cytochrome C Oxidase increase by following 6-7 sessions of HIIT or SIT?

A
  • 25-35%
121
Q

What happens when exercise duration and intensity are held constant regarding mitochondrial content?

A
  • Plateau after 5 days of training
122
Q

What happens to mitochondrial content when intensity continues to increase progressively?

A
  • Rises for at least several weeks
123
Q

What does evidence suggest about exercise intensity?

A

Cellular stress occurs in proportion to exercise intensity:
- Greater metabolic response to high-intensity exercise compared to moderate

124
Q

Explain the study that shows superior mitochondrial adaptation from interval compared to continuous

A
  • Counterweighted, single-leg cycling
  • study adaptations in same subject
  • 10 young men
  • 6 sessions HIIT 1 leg
  • 6 session MICT other leg
  • Matched total work
  • 2 weeks
125
Q

Describe the differences between MICT and HIIT when matched for work

A
  • Skeletal muscle capillarization greater in MICT
  • Skeletal mitochondrial density greater for HIIT
  • VO2max greater for HIIT
126
Q

What is an area of study that is relatively unknown about exercise intensity?

A

Its Effect on:
- Cardiac Output
- Blood Volume Response

127
Q

What can exercise training do for individuals with type 2 diabetes? What is not known about it?

A
  • Improve glycaemic control
  • Unknown optimal training regimen
128
Q

What is the acute response of the pancreas to exercise bouts?

A
  • Decrease Insulin Secretion
  • Increase Glucagon Secretion
129
Q

What is the acute response of the liver to exercise bouts?

A
  • Increase in Glucose Release
130
Q

What is the acute response of adipose tissue to exercise bouts?

A
  • Increase in Triacylglycerol Breakdown
  • Increase in NEFA Release
131
Q

How does HIT compare to MICT with glycaemic improvement?

A

HIT
- Confer superior glycaemic improvement with lower time commitment

132
Q

How do athletes achieve training in a low carbohydrate state?

A
  • Fast overnight: reduce glycogen content/lowers carb available
  • Training 2/day: depletes muscle glycogen from first bout
  • Sleep Low: both above; reduced muscle glycogen by training, reduced liver glycogen by fasting
133
Q

Why would someone train in low carb availability?

A

Type 2 Diabetes
- Superior Glycaemic improvements
- High-intensity after meal
- low-intensity fasted conditions

134
Q
A

KIN 335 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions