Chapter 22

Question 1

one health

Answer 1

holistic/ all inclusive

Question 2

global mixing bowl

Answer 2

three circles all interconnected and affecting eachother

Question 3

zoonosis

Answer 3

an infectious disease indigenous to animas that humans can aquire through direct or inderct contact with infected animals

Question 4

humanto-human transfer

Answer 4

Example) HIV

adapted to humans from animals

Question 5

Rabies

Answer 5

only rhabdovirus that infects humans. Zoonotic disease characterized by fetal meningoencephalitis
aquired by scratches, bites and aerosis from bat caves

Question 6

xenobiotics

Answer 6

chemically synthesized compounds that DO NOT occur naturally

Question 7

Cholorea

Answer 7

vibrio

Question 8

lyme disease

Answer 8

borrelia burgdorferi

Question 9

fecal colifomrs

Answer 9

example) E. coli
any species of gram negative lactose positve bacteria that live primarily in the intestinal tract and NOT the environment

Question 10

biosensor

Answer 10

decice used to detect microbes or trace amounts of compounds through PCR genome techniques or electrochemical signaling

Question 11

biological oxygen demand

Answer 11

requirement for oxygen by microbes in a niche used to measure drinking water equality

Question 12

phases in purification and sewage treatment

Answer 12

primary, secondary and tertiary

Question 13

primary phase

Answer 13

physical seperation of solid materials via settling (digester tank)

Question 14

secondary phase

Answer 14

liquid portion of waste is subjected to microbial decomposition that is largely aerobic

Question 15

tertiary phase

Answer 15

chemical physical or biological methods to remove additional inorganic substances liek ammonia nitrate and phosphate and to eliminate pathogens

Question 16

trickling filter system

Answer 16

simple inexpensive secondary treatment system
spray liquid over porous rocks and allow to flow downward for collection or directly into groundwater
biofilms on rocks aerobically degrade organic waste

Question 17

activated sludge process

Answer 17

sencondary treatment
liquid placed in large tank air forced in rigorously mixing it to ensure aerobic contitions activate microbial community development degrading organic compounds

Question 18

anaerobic digesters

Answer 18

closed chambers used in microbial process the converts organic sludge from waste treatment plants into useful fuels like methane and H2 also called bioreactors

Question 19

biodegredation

Answer 19

breaking down of materials through teh action of microbes or insects

Question 20

bioremediation

Answer 20

decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes or consortia of microbes

Question 21

composting

Answer 21

aerobic process that supports growth of diverse bacteria and fungal communities to decompose organic waste

Question 22

waste purification steps

Answer 22

sedimentation of large particles in large storage reservoir
aeration and settling in holding tanks
filtration through sand or diatomaceous earth
chlorination
storage in tanks until delivery

Question 23

examples of re emerging diseases

Answer 23

mumps and clostridium difficile

Question 24

steps for colifrom analysis in water

Answer 24

filter water through sterile membrane
place filter on selective differential media
examine under natural and UV light

Question 25

Hepatitis A

Answer 25

individual may not know they have it and be asymptomatic transmission occurs more frequently in regions with no sewage treatment

Question 26

steps of sanitary landfill

Answer 26

waste dumped on cheap land waste covered with soil making hill anaerobic microbes degrade teh waste land becomes suitable for other uses

Question 27

SIV

Answer 27

simian immunodeficiency virus

Question 28

seroprevelance

Answer 28

population is asymptomatic

Question 29

indicator bacteria

Answer 29

demonstrate if water is contaminated easily identified inlab

Question 30

characteristics of potable water

Answer 30

free of pathogens clear not turbid free of dissolved toxins

Question 31

coliforms and fecal streptococci

Answer 31

groups of organisms monitoring microbial water pollution and are both gram negaive

Question 32

microbes in compost piles go form what to what

Answer 32

mesophilic to thermophilic