chapter 22

Question 1

isotope

Answer 1

each of 2 or more forms of the same element that contain equal #s of protons but different #s of neutrons

Question 2

alpha decay

Answer 2

when a 4/2/helium is given off

Question 3

beta decay

Answer 3

when a beta particle is given off

Question 4

gamma decay

Answer 4

when gamma rays are emitted

Question 5

half-life

Answer 5

time for 1/2 of a radioactive sample to decay

Question 6

fission

Answer 6

means to break

Question 7

fusion

Answer 7

means to make

Question 8

atomic number

Answer 8

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table

Question 9

mass number

Answer 9

the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus

Question 10

radioactive dating

Answer 10

any method of determining the age of earth materials or objects of organic origin

Question 11

characteristics of chemical reactions

Answer 11

• same element ob both sides
• small amount of energy
• mass is conserved
• involves electrons in bonding

Question 12

characteristics of nuclear reactions

Answer 12

• different elements on each side
• large amounts of energy
• mass can create energy
• involves nuclear particles

Question 13

what is the stability of the nuclei affected by

Answer 13

the ratio of protons to neutrons

Question 14

less stable nuclei have more

Answer 14

neutrons

Question 15

where are most of the radioactive nuclides located?

Answer 15

bottom of the periodic table

Question 16

alpha, beta, and gamma from most to least energy

Answer 16

gamma, beta, alpha

Question 17

what blocks alpha radiation

Answer 17

paper

Question 18

what blocks beta radiation

Answer 18

lead or glass

Question 19

what blocks gamma radiation

Answer 19

lead and/or concrete

Question 20

what is transmutation

Answer 20

nucleus is bombarded with alpha, beta, gamma, or other particles to create radioactive element

Question 21

a very heavy radioactive nuclei to form medium mass nuclei

Answer 21

fission

Question 22

light mass nuclei combine to form heavier, more stable nuclei

Answer 22

fusion

Question 23

n half lives =

Answer 23

time elapsed/time of 1 half life

Question 24

other half life equation

Answer 24

remaining amount = original amount x (1/2)^n

Question 25

neutrons start the reaction

Answer 25

fission

Question 26

more energy is given off than absorbed

Answer 26

fusion

Question 27

happens in a nuclear reactor

Answer 27

fission

Question 28

reaction of an H-bomb

Answer 28

fusion

Question 29

products have a higher mass than the reactants

Answer 29

fusion

Question 30

the splitting of an atom

Answer 30

fission

Question 31

reactions in the sun that produce heat and light for our planet

Answer 31

fusion

Question 32

chain reaction

Answer 32

fission

Question 33

reaction that is slowed by neutrons being absorbed

Answer 33

fusion

Question 34

large amounts of energy is given off and stability is increased

Answer 34

fusion

Question 35

stable lightweight nuclei start the process

Answer 35

fusion

Question 36

a very heavy nuclei splits into several medium-weight nuclei

Answer 36

fission

Question 37

moderator

Answer 37

used to slow down neutrons

Question 38

fuel rod

Answer 38

provides neutrons by its fission

Question 39

control rod

Answer 39

limits the number of free neutrons

Question 40

shielding

Answer 40

prevents escape of radiation

Question 41

coolant

Answer 41

removes heat from the system safely

Question 42

turbine

Answer 42

drives an electrical generator

Question 43

what are the products of fission of uranium

Answer 43

2 medium sized nuclei and more neutrons

Question 44

what nuclear reaction produces the most energy

Answer 44

fusion

Question 45

radioisotope

Answer 45

isotope with an unstable nucleus

Question 46

is a chemical reaction affected by temp, pressure, or catalyst?

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

is a nuclear reaction affected by temp, pressure, or catalyst?

Answer 47

no