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Kin 188 > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

Shoulder (90 cards)

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1
Q

Shoulder Joint Articulations

A

Sternoclavicular (SC) joint

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint Glenohumeral (GH) joint Scapulothoracic joint

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2
Q

Emergency Action Plan

A

Primary concerning is maintaining cardiovascular and CNS Function

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3
Q

Parent Notification

A

With no consent, consent implied on part of athlete to save athletes life

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4
Q

Primary Survey

A

Initial

  • Performed initially to establish presense of life-threatining conditions
  • Airway, breathing, circulation, shock and severe bleeding
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5
Q

Dealing with Unconscious athlete

A

Check and establish an airway, breathing, circulation ABC

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6
Q

When should ABC should be stablished

A

With athlete supine and not breathing

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7
Q

If athletes unconscious and not breathing

A

Nothing should be done until consciousness resumes.

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8
Q

How to deal with unconscious athlete

A

-life threatening condition ruled out. Gather specific info about injury. Assess vital signs & perform more detailed evaluation of conditions that doesn’t pose life threatening consequences

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9
Q

Open Airway

A

head tilt, chin lift method. Push down on forehead & lifting jaw moves tongue from back of throat. Modified technique can be used when neck injury is suspected. Modify jaw thrust maneuver

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10
Q

Establishing breathing

A

look, listen, feel. While maintaining pressure on forehead, pinch nose, hold head back. Take deep breath, create seal around lips & perform 2 slow breaths (raise chest 1.5-2 in). IF breath doesn’t go in, retilt head & ventilate or airway obstructed = compression & finger sweep

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11
Q

Establishing circulation

A

located carotid artery & palpate pulse while maintaining head tilt position. Locate margin of ribs & xiphoid process. 2 fingers width above xiphoid process, place heal of hand on lower portion of sternum. Keep elbows locked, shoulders above patient. Compress 1.5-2 in (30 s per 2 breaths). After 5 cycles reassess pulse (if not present, continue cycle)

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12
Q

Supplemental Oxygen

A

requires use of bag valve mask & pressurized container of O2. Training required. Provides patient w/ significantly high concentration of O2(up to 90%). Deliver at rate of 10-15 L/minAED→ evaluates heart rhythms of victims experiencing cardiac arrest. Can deliver electrical charge to heart. Fully automated -minimal training required.Electrodes placed at right apex & left base of chest-when turned on, machine indicates if & when defibrillation necessary

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13
Q

How to control external breathing

A

-stems from skin wounds, abrasions, incisions, lacerations, punctures or avulsions-direct pressure → firm pressure (hand & sterile gauze) placed directly over site of injury against the bone. Evaluation, Pressure points

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14
Q

Types of Shock - Hypovolemic

A

Decrease blood volume = poor O2 transport

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15
Q

Types of Shock - Respiratory

A

lungs unable to supply enough O2 to circulating blood (pnenmothoarax?)

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16
Q

Types of Shock - Neurogenic

A

caused by general vessel dilation which doesn’t allow typical 5-6 L of blood to fill system, decreasing O2 transport

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17
Q

Types of Shock - Cardiogenic

A

inability of heart to pump enough blood

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18
Q

Types of Shock - Psychogenic-syncope

A

Psychogenic-syncope or fainting caused by temporary dilation of vessels reducing blood flow to the brain

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19
Q

Types of Shock - Septic

A

result of bacterial infection where toxins cause smaller vessels to dilate

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20
Q

Types of Shock - Anaphylactic

A

results of severe allergic reaction

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21
Q

Types of Shock - Metabolic

A

occurs when illness goes untreated (diabetes) or when extensive fluid loss

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22
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Shock

A

Moist, pale, cold, clammy skin

  • weak rapid pulse, increasing shallow respiration, decreased BP.
  • urinary retention & fecal incontinence
  • irritability or excitement, & potentially thirst
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23
Q

Etiology

A

cause of injury or disease

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24
Q

Mechanism

A

mechanical description of cause

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25
Pathology
structural & funcational changes associated w/ injury process
26
Symptoms
perceptible changes in body or function that indicate injury or illness (subjective)
27
Sign
objective, definitive & obvious indicator for specific condition
28
Degree
grading for injury/condition
29
Diagnosis
denotes name of specific condition
30
Prognosis
prediction of the course of the condition
31
Sequela
condition following & resulting from disease or injury (pneumonia resulting from flu)
32
Syndrome
group of symptoms & signs that together indicate a particular injury/disease
33
HOPS
History, Observation, Palpation, Special Tests
34
Observation
Observations → How athlete moves? Limp? Abnormal movements? Body positions? Facial expressions? Asymmetries, postural mal-alignments/deformities? Swelling, discolouration, deformity, or discolouration?
35
Palpation
→bony & soft palpation. Start w/ light pressure followed gradually by deeper pressure. Bony – compare bilaterally, look for abnormal gapping, swelling, abnormal protuerances associated w/ bone/joint. Soft tissue – must remain relaxed, perform bilaterally
36
History
History → obtain subjective info relative to how injury occurred, extent of injury, MOI listen carefully to complaint, take good records. MAPPSS → mechanism of injury, acute/chronic, pain, previous history, sound, signs/symptoms
37
Special Test
Special Test →used to detect specific pathologies, compare inert & contractile tissues & their integrity – lesion in contractile tissue will result in pain w/ motion (pain w/ active motion in 1 direction & w/ passive motion in opp direction), lesion in inert tissue will elicit pain on active & passive motion in same direction.
38
Active, Passive and Resistant ROM
Active ROM →should be 1st movement assessment Passive (PROM) →athlete must remain relaxed to remove influence of contractile tissue. End feel – the specific quality of movement felt by an examiner moving a joint to the end of its ROM Resisted ROM → evaluate status of contractile tissue
39
Cerebral Function
?'s assess general affect, consciousness, intellectual performance, emotional status, sensory interpretation, thought content, & language shrug
40
Cranial Nerve Function
quality assessed through assessments of smell, eye, tracking, facial expressions, biting down, balance, swallowing, tongue protrusion, shoulder shrug
41
Cerebellar Function
control of purposeful coordinated movement, touch finger to nose, finger to finger, heal toe walking
42
Sensory Resting
determine distribution of dermatones & peripheral nerves. Assess – superficial sensation, pain, deep pressure pain, sensitivity to temp & vibration, position sense.
43
Motor Testing
muscle testing allows for assessing of motor neurons. Allows for nerve root assessing
44
SOAP
Subjective – statements made by athlete-primarily history info & athletes perceptions including severity, pain, and MOI Objective – Findings based on clinician's evaluation Assessment – Professional opinion regarding impression of injury. May include suspected site of injury & structures involved along with rating of severity Plan – Includes 1st aid treatment, referral info, goals (short & long) & examiner's pain for treatment
45
Rotator Cuff Muscles
- Subscapularis - Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Teres minor
46
Brachial Plexus
network of nerves formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve. Supplies afferent and efferent nerve fibers to the chest, shoulder, arm, and hand.
47
Clavicular fractures
→ fall on outstretched arm, fall on tip of shoulder or direct impact. Occur primarily in middle 3rd (greenstick fracture often occurs in young athletes)
48
Humerus Fracture
humeral shaft fractures occur as a result of a direct blow, or fall on outstretched arm
49
SC Sprain (sternoclavicular)
indirect force, blunt trauma (may cause displacement)
50
Valgus/Varus Stress Test
Valgus (distal segment is away from midline of the body) stress test for sprain of the MCL. Varus (distal segment is toward midline of the body) test for sprain of the LCL
51
AC Sprain (acromioclavicular)
result of direct blow (from any direction) upward force from humerus
52
GH Dislocation
forced abduction and/or external rotation or a direct blow
53
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
Mechanical compression of 1) supraspinatus tendon, 2) subacromial bursa, and 3) long head of biceps tendon due to decreased space under coacoacromial arch
54
Frozen Shoulder
contracted and thickened joint capusle w/ little synovial fluid
55
Biceps Brachii Rupture
result of powerful contraction, generally occurs near origin of muscle at biciptial groove
56
Throwing: Windup
Windup → 1st movement until ball leaves gloved hand. Lead leg strides forward while both shoulders abduct, externally rotate & horizontally abduct
57
Throwing: Cocking
Cocking →hands separate (achieve max, external rotation) while lead foot comes in contact w/ ground.
58
Throwing: Acceleration
Acceleration →max external rotation until ball release (move to humerus adducts, horizontally adducts & internally rotates). Scapula elevates, abducts & rotates upward
59
Throwing: Deceleration
Deceleration →point from ball until max shoulder internal rotation. Eccentric contraction of external rotators to decelerate humerus while rhomboids decelerate the scapula
60
Throwing: Follow through
Follow through →end of motion when athlete is in balanced position
61
Elbow and Forearm ROM
Flexion: 150 is normal. Biceps brachii, brachialis Extension: 0 is normal (10 hyperextension is OK). Triceps brachii and anconeus
62
Tinels Sign
Tap on ulnar nerve (in ulnar groove), + test is found when athlete complains of sensation along the forearm & hand.
63
Tennis Elbow
Tennis Elbow Test: Elbow is flexed to 45degrees and wrist extension is resisted. Lateral epicondyle. E.g. pour gallon of milk.
64
Valgus Test for elbow
Valgus test – for sprain of MCL
65
Varus Test for elbow
Varus test – for sprain of LCL
66
Medial Epicondylitis
Repeated forceful flexion of wrist and extreme valgus torque of elbow
67
Olercranon Bursitis
Superficial location makes it extermely susceptible to injury (acute or chronic) – direct blow
68
Strains of Elbow
Strains – MOI excessive resistive motion (falling on outstretched arm), repeated microtears that cause chronic injury. Rupture of distal biceps is most common muscle rupture of the upper extremity
69
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries
injured result of a valgus force from repetitive trauma
70
Lateral Epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
Repetitive microtrauma to insertion of extensor muscles of lateral epicondyle
71
Medial Epicondylitis
repeated forceful flexion of wrist and extreme valgus torque of elbow
72
Osteochondritis Dissecans
Impairment of blood supply to anterior surface resulting in degeneration of articular cartilage, creating loose bodies. Repetitive microtrauma in movements of elbow rotation, extension, valgus stress causing compression of the radial head ad shearing of the radiocapitular joint
73
Little league elbow
repetitive microtraumas that occur from throwing (not type of pitch)
74
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
ulnar nerve dislocation, traction injury valgus force, irregularities w/ tunnel, subluxation of ulnar nerve due to lax impringment, or progressive compression of ligament on the nerve.
75
Dislocation
high incidence in sports caused by fall on outstretched hand w/ elbow extended or severe twist while flexed. Bones can be displaced backward, forward, or lateraly.
76
Volkmann's Contracture
Associated w/ humeral supracondylar fractures, causing muscle spasm, swelling, or bone pressur eon brachial artery, inhibiting circulation to forearm
77
Forearm splints
Most come from a severe static contraction & repeated static contraction can lead to forearm splints
78
Fractures
common in youth due to falls & direct blows. Ulna & radius generally fractured individually
79
Madelung Deformity
developmental abnormality of the wrist by anatomic changes in the radius, ulna, and carpals bones, leading to palmar & ulnar wrist subluxation
80
anterior/posterior draw test
For Glenohumeral instability
81
Sulcus Test
For Glenohumeral going inferior
82
Clunk Test
For Glenoid labrum
83
Anterior/posterior apprehension tests
For Glenohumeral anterior/posterior instability
84
relocation test
For Glenohumeral anterior instability
85
Neers test
Test for shoulder impingement
86
Hawkin Kennedy test
Test for shoulder impingemen
87
drop arm test
Test for shoulder impingement. Supraspinatus primary action is to drop arm.
88
Empty can test
Test for shoulder impingemen
89
Serratus Anterior weakness test
Wall push-up. Looking for winging scapula
90
Test for Biceps irritation
Forearm supinator. Primary action is bicep flexion, shoulder flexion etc. Yergason’s test and Speeds test.

Kin 188 (1 decks)

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