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Medic - Exam 5 > Chapter 22 - Cardiovascular Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 22 - Cardiovascular Disorders Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Aberrant

A

Abnormal

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2
Q

Absolute Refractory Period

A

Corresponds with the onset of the QRS complex to approximately the peak of the T wave; cardiac cells cannot be stimulated to conduct an electrical impulse, no matter how strong the stimulus.

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3
Q

Accessory Pathway

A

An ext a bundle of working myocardial tissue that forms an connection between the atria and ventricles outside the normal conduction system

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4
Q

Action Potential

A

A five-phase cycle that reflects the difference in the concentration of these charged particles across the cell membrane at any given time

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5
Q

Acute Arterial Occlusion

A

A sudden blockage of arterial blood flow that occurs because of thrombus, embolus, tumor, direct trauma to an arty, or an unknown cause

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6
Q

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

A

A term used to describe ischemic chest discomfort. ACSs consist of three major syndromes: unstable angina, NSTEMI, and STEMI

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7
Q

Afterload

A

Pressure or resistance against which the ventricles must pump to eject blood

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8
Q

Amplitude

A

Height (voltage) of a waveform on the ECG.

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9
Q

Anasarca

A

Massive generalized body edema

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10
Q

Aneurysm

A

Localized dilation or bulging of a blood vessel wall or wall of a heart chamber

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11
Q

Anginal Equivalents

A

Symptoms of myocardial ischemia other than chest pain or discomfort

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12
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

Chest discomfort or other related symptoms of sudden onset that may occur because the increased oxygen dement of the heart temporarily exceeds the blood supply

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13
Q

Antiarrhythmic

A

Medications used to correct irregular heart beats and slow hearts that beat too fast

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14
Q

Aortic Valve

A

SL valve on the left of the heart; separates the left ventricle from the aorta

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15
Q

Apex of the Heart

A

Lower portion of the heart, tip of the ventricles (approximately the level of the 5th left intercostal space); points leftward, downward and forward

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16
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Term often used interchangeably with dysrhythmia; any disturbance or abnormality in a normal rhythmic pattern; any cardiac rhythm other than a sinus rhythm

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17
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

A chronic disease of the arterial system characterized by abnormal thickening and heartening of the vessel walls

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18
Q

Asystole

A

A total absence of ventricular electrical activity

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19
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A form of arteriosclerosis in which the thickening and hardening of the vessel walls are caused by a buildup of fatty deposits in thinner lining of large and middle-sized muscular arteries (from athero, meaning gruel or paste, and sclerosis, meaning hardness)

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20
Q

Artifact

A

Distortion of an ECG tracing by electrical activity that is non cardiac in origin (e.g., electrical interference, poor electrical conduction, patient movement)

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21
Q

Ascites

A

Marked abdominal swelling from a buildup of guild in the peritoneal cavity.

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22
Q

Asynchronous Pacemaker

A

Fixed-rate pacemaker that continuously discharges at a preset rate regardless of the patents intrinsic activity

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23
Q

Atria

A

Two upper chambers of the heart

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24
Q

Atrioventricular Junction

A

The AV node and the non branching portion of the bundle of His

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25
Atrioventricular Node
A group of cells that conduct an electrical impulse through the heart; located in the floor of the right atrium immediately behind the tricuspid valve and near the opening of the coronary sinus
26
Atrioventricular Sequential Pacemaker
Type of dual-chamber pacemaker that stimulates first the atrium, then the ventricle, mimicking normal cardiac physiology
27
Atrioventricular Valve
Valve located between each atrium and ventricle; the tricuspid separates the right atrium from the right ventricle, and the mitral (bicuspid) separates the left atrium from the left ventricle
28
Augmented Limb Lead
Leads aVR, aVL, and aVF; these leads record the difference in electrical potential at one location relative to zero potential rather than relative to the electrical potential of another extremity, as in the bipolar leads
29
Automaticity
Ability of cardiac pacemaker cells to initiate an electrical impulse spontaneously without being stimulated from another source
30
Axis
Imaginary line joining the positive and negative electrodes of a lead
31
Baseline
Straight line recorded on ECG graph pear when no electrical activity is detected
32
Base of the Heart
Top of the heart; located at approximately the level of the second intercostal space
33
Biphasic
Waveform that is partly positive and partly negative
34
Bipolar Limb Leads
ECG lead consisting of positive and negative electrode; a pacing lead with 2 electrical poles that are external from the pulse generator; the negative pole is located at the extreme distal tip of the pacing lead, and the positive pole is located several millimeters proximal to the negative electrode. The stimulating pulses delivered through the negative electrode
35
Blocked Premature Atrial Complex
PAC not followed by a QRS complex
36
Bradycardia
Heart rate slower that 60 bpm
37
Bruit
Blowing or swishing sound created by the turbulence within a blood vessel
38
Bundle Branch Block (BBB)
Abnormal conduction of an electrical impulse through either the right or let bundle branches
39
Bundle of His
Fibers located in the upper portion of the intraventricular septa that conducts an electrical impulse through the heart
40
Burst
Three or more sequential ectopic beats; also referred to as a salvo
41
Calibration
Regulation of an ECG machine's stylus sensitivity so that 1 mV electrical signal will produce a deflection measuring exactly 10mm
42
Capture
Ability of a pacing stimulus to depolarize successfully the cardiac chamber being paced; with one-to-one capture, each pacing stimulus results in depolarization of the appropriate chamber
43
Cardiac Arrest
Absence of cardiac mechanical activity, confirmed by the absence of a detectable pulse, unresponsiveness, and apnea or atonal, gasping respiration
44
Cardiac Cycle
Period from the beginning of one heart-beat to the beginning of the next; normally consisting of PQRST waves, complexes and intervals
45
Cardiac Output (CO)
Amount of blood pumped into the aorta each minute by the heart
46
Cardiogenic Shock
A condition in which heart muscle function is severely impaired, leading to decreased cardiac output and inadequate tissue perfusion
47
Cardiomyopathy
A disease of the heart muscle
48
Cardiovascular Disorders
A collection of diseases and conditions that involve the heart and blood vessels
49
Cholinergic
Having the characteristics of the parasympathetic division of the autonomy nervous system
50
Chordae Tendineae
Thin strands of fibrous connective tissue that extend from the AV valves to the papillary muscles that prevent the AV valves from bulging back into the atria during ventricular systole (contraction)
51
Chronotropism
A change in heart rate
52
Circumflex Artery
Division of the left coronary artery
53
Compensatory Pause
Pause for which the normal beat after a premature complex occurs when expected; also called a complete pause
54
Complex
Several waveforms
55
Conduction System
A system of pathways in the heart composed of specialized electrical (pacemaker) cells
56
Conductivity
Ability of a cardiac cell to receive an electrical stimulus and conduct that impulse to an adjacent cardiac cell
57
Contractility
Ability of cardiac cells to shorten, causing cardiac muscle contraction in response to an electrical stimulus
58
Coronary Artery Disease
Disease of the arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood.
59
Coronary Heart Disease
Disease of the coronary arteries and their resulting complications, such as angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction
60
Coronary Sinus
Venous drain for the coronary circulation into the right atrium
61
Cor Pulmonale
Right-sided heart failure caused by pulmonary disease
62
Couplet
Two consecutive premature complexes
63
Current
Flow of electrical charge from one point to another
64
Cystic Medial Degeneration
A connective tissue disease in which the elastic tissue and smooth muscle fibers of the middle arterial layer degenerate
65
Cytokines
Protein molecules produced by white blood cells that act as chemical messengers between cells
66
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Presence of a clot in the deep veins of the extremities

Medic - Exam 5 (2 decks)

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