Chapter 22 for ALEX -finished

Question 1

T/F: A cerebral contusion generally occurs when the head strikes a stationary object

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is the cause, sign, and care for an orbital fx?

Answer 2

Cause: blow to eyeball forcing posteriorly, compressing the fat until a blowout rupture occurs to the floor of the orbit Diplopia
Sign: restricted eye movement, downward displacement of the eye, soft tissue swelling & hemorrhaging, numbness w/ infraorbital nerve
Care: orbit x-ray is necessary for fx, antibiotics to decrease risk of infection, treat surgically or allow to resolve spontaneously

Question 3

M/C: which of the following should not be done when managing a nose bleed?
A. tilt the head slightly forward
B. tilt the head back to decrease bleeding
C. place a cold compress over the nose
D. apply pressure to the affected nostrils

Answer 3

B. tilt the head back to decrease bleeding

Question 4

Define Ecchymosis (racoon eyes)
-all “define” is matching on the test

Answer 4

bruising around the eyes a common sign of a skull fracture

Question 5

Define: epidural hematoma

Answer 5

an injury to the brain from a tear in the meningeal arteries secondary to a blow to the head

Question 6

Define complicated tooth fx

Answer 6

produces tooth bleeding with the tooth chamber being exposed

Question 7

Define: root fx

Answer 7

difficult to determine & requires follow up with x-ray to confirm

Question 8

Define Occlusion

Answer 8

the way the upper & lower teeth fit together, or bite

Question 9

Define antegrade amnesia

Answer 9

unable to form new memories or recall events just after a concussion

Question 10

Define Uncomplicated tooth fx

Answer 10

produces fragments without tooth bleeding

Question 11

Define Ecchymosis (Battle’ sign)

Answer 11

bruising behind the ears a common sign of skull fx

Question 12

Define nystagmus

Answer 12

a vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements; eyes do not smoothly track, but “bounce” when under the influence of drugs, alcohol or when concussed

Question 13

Define retrograde amnesia

Answer 13

unable to recall events before concussion

Question 14

Define subdural hematoma

Answer 14

an injury to the brain resulting from acceleration & deceleration forces & involving venous bleeding

Question 15

Define tinnitus

Answer 15

ringing in the ears

Question 16

What is the CSC for cauliflower ear? EC: what is the medical term

Answer 16

MT: Auricular Hematoma
Cause: compression or shear injury, subcutaneous bleeding
Sign: tearing of overlying tissue away from cartilage, hemorrhaging & fluid accumulation
Care: wear proper ear protection, cold application will minimize hemorrhaging, swelling

Question 17

T/F: The decision to return an athlete to competition following a brain injury is a difficult one that takes a great deal of consideration & needs to follow the state laws & NATA standard of care/position statements

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Give 2 ways to prevent an injury to the head, face, eyes, ears, nose or throat

Answer 18

1) education
2) protective wear

Question 19

What is the CSC for a nosebleed? EC: what is the medical term

Answer 19

MT: epistaxis
Cause: Direct blow or dryness
Sign: bleeding in anterior aspect of the septum, acute bleeding
Care: place cold compress over the nose while sitting up , applied to affected nosil.

Question 20

M/C: Which of the following is NOT included in the care for a scalp injury
A. clean with soap & water to remove any debris
B. cut away hair if needed
C. apply firm pressure or astringent to reduce bleeding
D. have the physician suture on the sideline so they can go back into the game

Answer 20

D. have the physician suture on the sideline so they can go back into the game

Question 21

M/C: An athlete may look silly on the sideline sticking out their tongue, smiling, saying “ahhh” to the athletic trainer, but this is a quick & easy sideline evaluation of:
A. cranial nerves
B. concussion symptoms
C. balance
D. vision

Answer 21

A. cranial nerves

Question 22

What is the CSC for a mandible fx?

Answer 22

Cause: direct blow, usually to frontal angle
Sign: deformity, loss of occlusion, pain w/ biting
Care: immobilization w/ elastic wrap following reduction and fixture

Question 23

What are the CSC for a tooth subluxation or avulsion?

Answer 23

Cause: direct blow
Sign: subluxation may loosen and avulsion is completely out
Care: referral in at least 48 hr, should it be replanted unless by a dentist

Question 24

M/C: A zygomatic complex fx is a fx of the ________ usually caused by a direct blow
A. cheekbone
B. eye socket
C. lower jaw
D. nose

Answer 24

A. cheekbone

Question 25

T/F: Post concussion syndrome is a condition which occurs following a concussion & may begin immediately following the injury & may last for weeks to months

Answer 25

True

Question 26

M/C: Following an initial concussion, the chances of a 2nd episode are _____ times greater A. 0 B. 15-25 C. 3-6 D. 30-60

Answer 26

C. 3-6

Question 27

M/C: PEARL stands for: A. Pupils Equal and Restricted with Light B. Pupils Equal and Round/ Reactive to Light C. Pupils Early Assessment Round/Reactive to Light D. Pupils Early Assessment Register Laxity

Answer 27

B. Pupils Equal and Round/ Reactive to Light

Question 28

T/F: Throat contusions can be life threatening if there is trauma to the carotid artery impacting blood flow to the brain

Answer 28

True

Question 29

T/F: A complication of a deviated septum is a septal hematoma & if not treated correctly can result in formation of an abscess along with bone & cartilage loss & deformity

Answer 29

True

Question 30

T/F: Be prepared for a cervical injury when a head injury is suspected & vice versa

Answer 30

True

Question 31

T/F: The best way to treat a facial laceration is to clean & put a bandaid over the wound wound before sending them back into the game

Answer 31

False

Question 32

A test used to determine the degree of balance difficulties of a concussion is the: A. Thompson Test B. Thomas Test C. Rhomberg test D. Near's tear

Answer 32

C. Rhomberg test

Question 33

M/C: Hyphema is an injury caused by a blunt blow to the: A. eye B. nose C. jaw D. scalp

Answer 33

A. eye

Question 34

What is the CSC for a black eye? EC: what is the med term?

Answer 34

MT: Orbital hematoma Cause: blow to area surrounding the eye which results in capillary bleeding Sign: subconjunctival hemorrhage, swelling & discoloration Sign: Cold application for 30 min, 24 hr of rest, do it blow nose

Question 35

T/F: A simple & effective cognitive sideline test would be asking the athlete to recite the ABCs backwards

Answer 35

False

Question 36

M/C: Swimmer's Ear (otitis externa) is caused by: A. gram-negative bacillus bacteria trapped in the inner ear B. water containing gram-negative bacillus bacteria trapped behind the tympanic membrane in the middle ear C. water containing gram-negative bacillus bacteria trapped in the ear canal D. gram-negative bacillus bacteria trapped in the pinna of the ear

Answer 36

C. water containing gram-negative bacillus bacteria trapped in the ear canal

Question 37

What is the CSC for a concussion?

Answer 37

Cause: direct blow, acceleration/ deceleration causing shaking of the brain Sign: periods of consiousness and unconsiousness, confusion, headache, photophobia Care: must be cleared by an athletic trainer, no activity until cleared

Question 38

What are the CSC for an athlete with second impact syndrome?

Answer 38

Cause: rapid swelling, herniation of brain after second injury before 1st have resolved Sign: may looked stunned, dilated pupils, loss of eye movement Care: life-threatening injury must be addressed immediately with life saving measures at an emergency facility

Question 39

M/C: Which of the following is NOT a good way to prevent dental injuries? A. practice good dental hygiene B. get braces to keep teeth from getting knocked out C. wear mouth guards routinely when engaged in contact/collision sports D. prevent cavities, gingivitis, & periodontitis

Answer 39

B. get braces to keep teeth from getting knocked out

Question 40

Give 5 things we look for when doing a concussion evaluation

Answer 40

1) headache 2) tinnitus 3) nausea 4) confusion 5) posttraumatic amnesia 6) retrograde amnesia

Question 41

M/C: Which of the following is NOT a good option to save an avulsed tooth? A. water B. "save a tooth kit" C. milk D. saline

Answer 41

A. water

Question 42

T/F: There is no way to "splint" a nasal fx

Answer 42

False