Chapter 22 Immunity

Question 1

Type of Defense

• specific
• more diffuse
• gets better within time

Answer 1

Adaptive Immunity

Question 2

• the ability of adaptive immunity to recognize a particular substance
• only recognizes the target ( molecule shape)
• antigen / marker= target

Answer 2

specificity

Question 3

• When new pathogens comes in it can adapt to defense

Answer 3

Versatility

Question 4

• adaptive - memory from previous virus

- attacks faster and better

Answer 4

Memory

Question 5

Defense cell can tell the difference between foreign cells and self cells.
It does not destroy healthy self cells.

Answer 5

Tolerance

Question 6

Whenever your own immune cells are attacking itself ( good cells ).

Answer 6

Auto immune disease

Question 7

2 subdivisions of Adaptive Immunity

Answer 7

1. Antibody - mediated

2. Cell- mediated

Question 8

• involves proteins called antibodies, which are found in fluids outside cells,- plasma of blood intersitital fluids and lymph
• B cells give rise to cells that produce antibodies
• Involves B- lymphocytes
• Responds responds to extra cellular antigens

Answer 8

Antibody Mediated immunity

Question 9

• t cell lymphocytes are involved

- responds to intra cellular antigens

Answer 9

Cell Mediated Immunity

Question 10

adaptive immunity can recognize, respond to, and remember particulat substances. Substances that stimulate adaptive immunity are called _____.

Answer 10

Antigens

Question 11

Antigens are divided to into two groups

Answer 11

• Foreign Antigens

- Self Antigens

Question 12

This type of antigens are

• not produced by the body but are introduced from outside of it.
• ex. Bacteria, Viruses and Other Microorganisms - pollen

Answer 12

Foreign Antigens

Question 13

These type of antigens are

• molecules the body produces to stimulate the adaptive immue system response.
• response can either be helpful or harmful
• recognizing tumor antigens can response in tumor destruction

Answer 13

Self Antigens

Question 14

The thymus produces a hormone ______ which stimulates T-cell maturation.

Answer 14

Thymosin

Question 15

Lymphocytes are derived from _____

Answer 15

Lymphoid stem cells

Question 16

Pre- t cells migrate form ____ to ___ where some will mature into T- cells

Answer 16

Bone marrow to thymus

Question 17

B- cells mature in the _____ .

Answer 17

Bone Marrow

Question 18

Antibody generators are also knows as

Answer 18

Antigens

Question 19

Antigens Substances that are recognized as ______ and _____ an immune response.

Answer 19

Recognized
Provoke
- activation of B and T cells

Question 20

How do antigens respond? ( 2 ways)

Answer 20

By destroying or ignoring

Question 21

Type of Antigen:
- Molecules produced by the body that stimulate an immune response
( can be beneficial or harmful )

Answer 21

Self Antigens

Question 22

Type of antigen:

- not produced by the body but are introduced from the outside

Answer 22

Foreign Antigens

Question 23

Antigens are ____ not cells

Answer 23

Molecules

Question 24

a state of unresponsiveness of lymphocytes to a specific antigen.
Prevent immune system from responding to self antigens.

Answer 24

tolerance

Question 25

These are large complex and usually proteins.

Answer 25

Antigens

Question 26

Antigens contain certain regions that are recognized by the lymphocytes and cause the immune response called

Answer 26

Epitopes or Antigenic Determinants

Question 27

An antigen usually has many______ , each of which induces productions of specific antibodies or activates a type of T cell.

Answer 27

Epitopes

Question 28

Smaller substances that have reactivity but no immunogenicity - Causes immune response only when attached to larger carrier usually associated with allergic reaction

Answer 28

Haptens

Question 29

What will bind with Epitopes ? ( 2 things )

Answer 29

Antibodies | Lymphocytes

Question 30

Regions of antigens recognized by lymphocytes.

Answer 30

Antigenic determinants ( epitopes )

Question 31

Most cells have " self antigens" where are they located?

Answer 31

- at the plasma membrane surface | - integral membrane

Question 32

Each individual antigen will have unique _____.

Answer 32

MHC antigens

Question 33

Transplant success depends on similarity between ______ of the recipient and the donor .

Answer 33

MHC antigens

Question 34

- found on all nucleated cells | - display substance produced inside the cell

Answer 34

MHC Class I molecules

Question 35

Within the MHC antigens is a peptide bonding groove - during breakdown of proteins within a cell, peptide cam become associated with newly synthesised MHC - if peptide is recognized as self, t tells ______ - if the peptide is recognized as foreign _____

Answer 35

ignores it | immune response begins

Question 36

What will trigger immune response?

Answer 36

Foreign antigen inside the cell

Question 37

_______ are the " checkers " to see if the cell is infected with a virus or bacteria or if there is a mutation on the cell. This allows for the the lymphocyte to get rid of the " bad nut"

Answer 37

Lymphocytes

Question 38

- Found on antigen- presenting cells ( APC) which include the B cell, macrophages, and other cell types - Engulf material by endocytosis, process the material and incorporate some of the molecules into the MHC molecules - may stimulate activation of lymphocytes

Answer 38

MHC Class III Molecules

Question 39

Type of Defense - non specific - no improvement - inflammation / fever

Answer 39

Innate defense