Chapter 22: Integumentary System

Question 1

the top layer of skin

Answer 1

epidermis

Question 2

the epidermis is made of ___ ___ and ___ ___ cells

Answer 2

stratum corneum

stratum basale

Question 3

stratum corneum cells are

Answer 3

hard, flat, dead cells

Question 4

stratum corneum are hard because they have accumulated a protein called ___

Answer 4

keratin

Question 5

another name for stratum basale cells is ___

Answer 5

stratum germinativum

Question 6

stratum germinativum cells are constantly

Answer 6

germinating and pushing old cells to the top

Question 7

what cell makes melanin (skin pigment)

Answer 7

melanocyte

Question 8

the most common cell in the epidermis is

Answer 8

keratinocyte

Question 9

the middle layer of skin is the

Answer 9

dermis

Question 10

what layer binds the epidermal and subcutaneous layers together

Answer 10

dermis layer

Question 11

the bottom layer is the ___ layer

Answer 11

subcutaneous layer

Question 12

the subcutaneous is also known as the ___

Answer 12

hypodermis

Question 13

the hypodermis is mostly made of ___ and ___

Answer 13

fat and loose connective tissue

Question 14

what determines skin color (3)

Answer 14

genetics, melanin, blood oxygenation

Question 15

bulla

Answer 15

large blister, or cluster of blisters

Question 16

cicartrix

Answer 16

a scar, usually inside a wound or tissue

Question 17

crust

Answer 17

dried blood or pus on the skin

Question 18

ecchymosis

Answer 18

bruise, a black/blue mark

Question 19

erosion

Answer 19

a shallow area of skin worn away by friction or pressure

Question 20

excoriatoin

Answer 20

a scratch, may be covered in dry blood

Question 21

fissure

Answer 21

crack in the skins surface

Question 22

keloid

Answer 22

overgrowth of scar tissue

Question 23

macule

Answer 23

flat skin discoloration, such as a freckle or flat mole

Question 24

nodule

Answer 24

a small node (5-6cm)

Question 25

papule

Answer 25

an elevated mass similar to, but smaller than, a nodule

Question 26

petechiae

Answer 26

pinpoint skin hemorrhages that result from bleeding disorders

Question 27

plaque

Answer 27

small, flat, scaly area of skin

Question 28

purpura

Answer 28

purple-red bruises, usually as result of clotting abnormalities

Question 29

pustule

Answer 29

an elevated (infected) lesion containing pus

Question 30

scale

Answer 30

thin plaques of epithelial tissue on the surface of the skin

Question 31

tumor

Answer 31

an abnormal tissue growth

Question 32

ulcer

Answer 32

wound resulting from tissue loss

Question 33

verrucae

Answer 33

warts

Question 34

vesicle

Answer 34

blister

Question 35

wheal

Answer 35

hives

Question 36

the three types of lesions are:

Answer 36

primary, secondary, vascular

Question 37

macules, pustules, tumors, and papules are examples of

Answer 37

primary lesions

Question 38

ulcers, erosion, scale, crust, and excoriation are examples of

Answer 38

secondary lesions

Question 39

petechiae and ecchymosis are examples of

Answer 39

vascular lesions

Question 40

primary lesions are result of

Answer 40

body changes or disease

Question 41

secondary lesions are result of

Answer 41

external trauma and/or the healing process

Question 42

vascular lesions are result of

Answer 42

abnormalities of the skins blood vessels

Question 43

what is alopecia

Answer 43

baldness because the hair follicles died

Question 44

what muscle helps hair stand on end

Answer 44

arrector pili

Question 45

what are the two types of sweat glands

Answer 45

eccrine and apocrine

Question 46

what are the ABCs of skin cancer

Answer 46

``` Asymmetry Border change Color change Diameter change Evolving ```

Question 47

inflammatory condition of the skin follicles and sebaceous glands; clogged pores; puberty

Answer 47

acne vulgaris