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Health Assessment Exam 3 > Chapter 22: Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Function of musculoskeletal system

A
  • Provides structure and movement for the body
  • Consists of bones, skeletal muscles, and joints
  • Allows the body to stand erect and move
  • Supports and protects organs
  • Produces red blood cells
  • Stores fat and minerals
  • Generates heat
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2
Q

Non synovial joints

A

Synovial joints are bones united by fibrous tissue or cartilage are

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3
Q

Example of a immovable non synovial joint

A

Suture in the skull

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4
Q

Example of a slightly moveable non synovial joint

A

Vertebrae

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5
Q

Synovial joints

A

Freely moveable because bones are separated and enclosed in joint cavities
**Cavity filled with lubricant, or synovial fluid; synovial fluid allows sliding which permits movement

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6
Q

Example of a pivot joint

A

Between C1 and C2 vertebrae

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7
Q

Example of a Ball and socket joint

A

Hip joint

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8
Q

Example of condyloid joint

A

Between radius and carpal bones of the wrist

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9
Q

Example of plane joint

A

Between tarsal bones

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10
Q

Example of saddle joint

A

Between trapezium carpal bones and 1st metacarpal bone (thumb and wrist bone)

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11
Q

Example of a hinge joint

A

Elbow

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12
Q

How is movement produced?

A

When muscles contract

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13
Q

What are the 3 kinds of muscles?

A

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac

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14
Q

Are skeletal and voluntary muscles under conscious or unconscious control?

A

Conscious control

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15
Q

TMJ

A

Articulation of mandible and temporal bone

TMJ permits jaw function of speaking and chewing

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16
Q

What three motions does TMJ produce?

A

Hinge action to open and close jaws
Gliding action for protrusion and retraction
Gliding for side-to-side movement of lower jaw

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17
Q

How many of each vertebrae are there?

A 
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
3 to 4 coccygeal
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18
Q

Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)

A

Inward turning foot

Including: 1) inversion 2) forefoot adduction 3) foot pointing downwards (equinus)

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19
Q

Metatarsus adductus

A

Turning of forefront of foot

Metatarsals bones deviate inward

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20
Q

Ortolani and Barlows test

A

Examination of the newborn:

Ortolani is abducting the hips, Barlows is adducting the hips

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21
Q

Allis test (Galeazzi)

A

Patient flat, both knees up, with heels to the butt, the knees should be the same level unless there is hip dislocation

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22
Q

Signs of Neural tube defect

A

Tuft of hair, Skin dimpling

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23
Q

What to keep in mind regarding clavicles when delivering a baby

A

Can fracture when infant delivered vaginally

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24
Q

Polydactyl

A

Multiple digits

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25
Q

Syndactyl

A

Webbed fingers

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26
Q

Lordosis

A

Lower spine curves in and butt pops out

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27
Q

Genu Varum

A

Bowlegged

28
Q

Genu valgum

A

Knock-knees

29
Q

Scoliosis screening

A

No curvature of the spine

Shoulder, Hip and Scapula symmetry

30
Q

When does the last epiphyses close

A

Age 20

31
Q

Developmental competence in the pregnant woman

A

Increased levels of circulating hormones cause increased mobility in joints
Lordosis
Lower back pain
Waddle gait

32
Q

Developmental competence in aging adults

A 
Bone reabsorption occurs more rapidly
Postural changes leading to decreased height
Loss of subcutaneous fat
Loss in muscle mass (atrophy)
Osteoporosis
33
Q

Osteoporosis factors

A

Alcohol use, Corticosteroid use, Low Calcium, Low estrogen, Smoking, Sedentary lifestyle

34
Q

Morse fall risk scale

A

High risk: 45 or higher
Moderate risk: 25 - 44
Low risk: 0 - 24

35
Q

What is the rating for full muscle strength?

A

5

36
Q

Signs of TMJ

A

Pain, Deviation and Swelling

Audible and palpable snap or click (occurs often)

37
Q

What are you assessing when you are assessing the cervical spine?

A

Alignment of head and neck Sternomastoid, trapezius

38
Q

What upper extremity movements in the shoulder do you do during an assessment

A

Shrug shoulders
Raising arms
Rotating arm

39
Q

What upper extremity movements in the elbow do you do during an assessment

A

Flex elbows and rotate forearm

40
Q

What upper extremity movements in the wrist and hand do you do during an assessment?

A

Roll Wrists

Spread fingers in and out

41
Q

Phalen’s Test

A

Flexion of wrist at 90 degrees, no pain

Positive if pain

42
Q

Tinel’s sign

A

Tap median nerve

If Pain, Positive

43
Q

Which lower extremities do you do assessments on

A

Hip
Knee
Ankle and foot

44
Q

Knee: Bulge sign

A

For swelling in suprapatellar pouch, bulge sign confirms presence of fluid as you try to move fluid from one side of joint to other.

45
Q

Knee: Ballottement or Patella

A

Test reliability when larger amounts of fluid are present

Tap Patella, if it rebounds against your fingers, fluid is present

46
Q

McMurray’s Test

A

Special test for meniscal tears

Rotation test for demonstrating torn cartilage of the knee.

47
Q

Lasegue’s Test “Straight leg test”

A

Maneuvers reproduce back and leg pain and may confirm presence of herniated disc

48
Q

Inflammatory conditions of the joints

A

Rheumatoid arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis

49
Q

Degenerative conditions of the joints

A

Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis

50
Q

Osteoarthritis

A
  • *Degenerative joint disease
  • Only joints affected
  • Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune
  • Non inflammatory, localized, progressive disorder involving deterioration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone and formation of new bone on surface
51
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bone reabsorption
Decrease in bone mass and bone mineral density
Inflammation of joints
Can lead to hip fractures in the aging adult at the femur cross section

52
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of synovial tissues
Bone erosion, swollen inflamed synovial membrane, worn down cartilage, reduced joint space

53
Q

Swan-neck and boutonniere deformities, Ulnar deviation or drift are signs of what

A

Seen in late stage rheumatoid arthritis

54
Q

Degenerative joint disease or osteoarthritis

A

a common “wear and tear” disease that occurs when the cartilage that serves as a cushion in the joints deteriorates. This condition can affect any joint but is most common in knees, hands, hips, and spine.

55
Q

Heberden nodes

A

Bony swellings that can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) (the joints closest to the end of the fingers and toes). Also a sign of osteoarthritis

56
Q

Bouchard nodes

A

Bony enlargements in the of the middle joints of the fingers, also known as proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints, sign of osteoarthritis

57
Q

Swan neck

A

Hyperextension of the proximal inter-phalangeal joint, and flexion of the distal inter-phalangeal joint

58
Q

Boutonniere deformity

A

Knuckle looks as if its been pushed through a button hole

Flexion of proximal inter-phalangeal joint w/ compensatory hyperextension of distal inter-phalangeal joint

59
Q

Acute rheumatoid arthritis

A

Painful swelling and stiffness of joints with fusiform or spindle-shaped swelling of the soft tissue of proximal inter-phalangeal joints

60
Q

Ulnar deviation

A

Finger drift to the ulnar side because of stretching of the articular capsule and muscle imbalance

61
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

Fusion of inflamed vertebrae

Chronic, progressive inflammation of the spine and sacroiliac joints

62
Q

Osteoarthritis signs

A

Asymmetric joint involvement
Affected joints have stiffness
Swelling with hard, bony protuberances
Pain with motion and limitation of movements

63
Q

Signs of spina bifida

A

Incomplete closure of posterior part of the vertebrae resulting in neural tube defect
Signs: skin defect along spine, protrusion of sac containing meninges, spinal fluid, malformed spinal cord,

64
Q

Myelomeningocele

A

Sign of spina bifida

Which the meninges and neural tissue protrude

65
Q

Congenita; dislocated hip

A

Head of femur is displaced out of the cup-shaped acetabulum

Positive trendelenburg sign in older children is a sign

66
Q

Trendelenburg sign

A

A positive test is one in which the pelvis drops on the contralateral side during a single leg stand on the affected side.

Health Assessment Exam 3 (6 decks)

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