Chapter 22: Vocabulary Flashcards
Welfare Capitalism
A system of labor relations that stressed management’s responsibility for employees’ well-being.
Red Scare
A term for anticommunist hysteria that swept the United States, first after World War I, and led to a series of government raids on alleged subversives and a suppression of civil liberties.
Palmer Raids
A series of raids led by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer on radical organizations that peaked in January 1920, when federal agents arrested six thousand citizens and aliens and denied them access to legal counsel.
Sheppard-Towner Federal Maternity and Infancy Act
The first federally funded health-care legislation that provided federal funds for medical clinics, prenatal education programs, and visiting nurses.
Women’s League for Peace and Freedom
An organization founded by women activists in 1919; its members denounced imperialism, stressed the human suffering caused by militarism, and proposed social justice measures.
Teapot Dome
Nickname for scandal in which Interior Secretary Albert Fall accepted $300,000 in bribes for leasing oil reserves on public land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming. It was part of a larger pattern of corruption that married Warren G. Harding’s presidency.
Dollar Diplomacy
Policy emphasizing the connection between America’s economic and political interests overseas. Business would gain from diplomatic efforts in its behalf, while the strengthened American economic presence overseas would give added leverage to American diplomacy.
Prohibition
The ban on manufacture and sale of alcohol that went into effect in January 1920 with the Eighteenth Amendment. Prohibition was repealed in 1933.
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
An organization formed during the Red Scare to protect free speech rights.
Scopes Trial
The 1925 trial of John Scopes, a biology teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, for violating his state’s ban on teaching evolution. The trial created a nationwide media frenzy and came to be seen as a showdown between urban and rural values.
National Origins Act
A 1924 law limiting annual immigration from each country to no more than 2 percent of that nationality’s percentage of the U.S. population as it had stood in 1890. The law severely limited immigration, especially from Southern and Eastern Europe.
Ku Klux Klan
Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans, immigrants, radicals, feminists, Catholics, and Jews.
Harlem Renaissance
A flourishing of African American artists, writers, intellectuals, and social leaders in the 1920s, centered in the neighborhoods of Harlem, New York City.
Universal Negro Improvement Association
A Harlem-based group, led by charismatic, Jamaican-born Marcus Garvey, that arose in the 1920s to mobilize African American workers and champion black separatism.
Pan-Africanism
The idea that people of African descent, in all parts of the world, have a common heritage and destiny and should cooperate in political action.
