Chapter 23

Question 1

The earths smallest known cells and abundant and diverse

Answer 1

Archaea and Bacteria

Question 2

What is the eukaryotic domain

Answer 2

Eukarya

Question 3

Prokaryotes are often ____ cells and can….

Answer 3

single and aggregate
to form colonies or filaments and
some exhibit multicellularity

Question 4

What was earths first eukaryotes

Answer 4

Protist

Question 5

A protist that lacks a chlroplast

Answer 5

Protozoa

Question 6

Protist that has a chloroplast

Answer 6

Algae

Question 6

Fungi (eukaryotic ) lack

Answer 6

plastids and live by absorbing organic food

Question 7

How quick is binary fission

Answer 7

Rapid ( minutes to hours )

Question 7

All organisms

Answer 7

• Cell membranes and ribosomes
• Common metabolic pathways (e.g., glycolysis)
• Semiconservative DNA replication
• DNA that encodes proteins

Question 7

How does Prokaryotes ( archaea and bacteria ) divide ?

Answer 7

Binary Fission

Question 8

Archaea shared features with eukaryotes

Answer 8

histone & ribosomal proteins,
* and closely related RNA polymerases

Question 8

Transformation

Answer 8

A fragment of DNA from a donor cell is released into the environment and is taken by a recipent cells

Question 8

Plasmid characteristics

Answer 8

small rings of DNA
* with supplemental genes
* replicate independently; can be transferred cell to cell
* R plasmids carry genes conferring antibiotic
resistance.

Question 9

Conjugation

Answer 9

Direct contact of donor cell and recipient cell

Question 9

Consensus tree

Answer 9

3 genes from the stable core

Question 10

What makes archea extremist

Answer 10

they have ether bonds and resistant to damage by heat and other extreme conditions and built by isoprene chains ( not fatty acid chains)

Question 10

How many phyla’s does the archaea include

Answer 10

20

Question 10

Transduction

Answer 10

When a bacteria infects a donor cell and it causes the bacterial chromosome of the donor cell to break up into fragments. A fragment` is made into a bacteria and then transforms into the recipient cell

Question 11

Which archaea has a close relationship to Eukarya

Answer 11

Asgard Archaea

Question 12

Archaea lack

Answer 12

peptidoglycan

Question 13

Archaea never are _____ and do not

Answer 13

pathogenic and spores

Question 13

Bacteria live

Answer 13

Every imaginable environment

Question 13

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 13

enriches nutrient to poor soils

Question 14

Cyanobacteria

Answer 14

The ONLY oxygen-producing photosynthetic bacteria.

Question 15

Proteobacteria

Answer 15

A very large group of Gram-negative bacteria, collectively having high metabolic diversity

Question 15

The 5 classes of proteobacteria

Answer 15

Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria

Question 15

Cyanobacteria can be found

Answer 15

in fresh water, oceans, wetlands and surface of arid soils

Question 16

Alphaproteobacteria is related to and are

Answer 16

mitochondria, nitrogen- fixing bacteria that helps plants grow

Question 17

Betaproteobacteria is important for the

Answer 17

global nitrogen cycle

Question 18

Gammaproteobacteria

Answer 18

destroy methane

Question 18

Deltaproteobacteria

Answer 18

Includes colony forming myxobacteria * Includes some sulfate-reducing bacteria * Includes bdellovibrios which are parasites of other bacteria

Question 19

Biofilms

Answer 19

cells bind to a solid surface and secrete a sticky polysaccharide matrix that traps other cells

Question 19

How else is bacteria able to produce to survive condtions

Answer 19

thick walled cells

Question 19

Epsilonproteobacteria

Answer 19

- Some species important for the global sulfur cycle * Some species affect human health

Question 20

What are magnetosomes ?

Answer 20

tiny mineral crystals surrounded by membrane; magnetosomes allow cells to orient themselves in space in relation to the Earth’s magnetic field