Chapter 2.3 (page 29)

Question 1

The pituitary gland is located in the ___________________.

Answer 1

Sella Turcica of the Sphenoid Bone

Question 2

The Pituitary gland has two lobes. Name at least 6 hormones secreted by the Pituitary Gland and identify which lobe secretes them.

Answer 2

Anterior Lobe

• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
• Growth hormone (GH)
• Prolactin (PRL)

Posterior Lobe

• Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)
• Oxytocin

Question 3

This hormone is responsible for stimulating breast development during pregnancy and milk secretion after pregnancy.

Answer 3

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 4

This is responsible for uterine contraction at the end of pregnancy and also for the stimulation of the release of milk into breast ducts.

Answer 4

Oxytocin

Question 5

This targets the kidneys and timulates the retention of water.

Answer 5

Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 6

This Stimulates the adrenal cortex to increase in size and to secrete larger amounts of its hormones, especially cortisol.

Answer 6

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 7

In females, this hormone stimulates ovarian follicle maturation and estrogen production. In males, it stimulates sperm production.

Answer 7

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 8

This hormone mobilizes food molecules which causes an increase in blood glucose concentrations for development of the musculoskeletal system.

Answer 8

Growth Hormone (GH)

Question 9

The neural connection (tracts) of the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus run through the _____________.

Answer 9

Pituitary Stalk

Question 10

The _______________ produce the hormones insulin and glucagon.

Answer 10

Pancreatic Islets

(Islets of Langerhans)

Question 11

This gland of the digestive tract contain both exocrine and endocrine qualities.

Answer 11

Pancreas

Question 12

Melatonin, a hormone responsible for the body’s internal clock, is produced by the _____________ which is also called the ___________ .

Answer 12

Pineal Gland

The third eye

Question 13

Why is the pineal gland termed as “ the third eye “?

Answer 13

Because its function involves the amount of light that enters the eye.

Question 14

These glands are involved in the calcium level in the blood, and they secrete a hormone which stimulates bone resorption. What are these glands called? And what is the hormone?

Answer 14

Parathyroid Glands

Parathyroid Hormone

Question 15

The thyroid is essential in the balance of _____________, as it is responsible for the production of the hormone, calcitonin.

Answer 15

Blood calcium

Question 16

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the anterior neck on the trachea just inferior to the ______.

Answer 16

Larynx

Question 17

TRUE or FALSE

It is the largest pure endocrine gland in the body.

Answer 17

TRUE.

Question 18

The thyroid gland produces two thyroid hormones called: _________ and ________________;

and a hormone called __________.

Answer 18

Thyroxine

**Triiodothyronine **

Calcitonin

Question 19

___ and ___ hormones are responsible in stimultaing cellular metabolism for the majority of the cells of the body.

Answer 19

**T3 **

T4

Question 20

This hormone is responsible for the development of the body’s immune system.

Answer 20

Thymosins

Question 21

_________: Other than its main function during pregnancy (sustainance of the fetus), this is also a temporary endocrine gland.

Answer 21

Placenta

Question 22

Give the 3 hormones that is produced by the placenta.

Answer 22

Estrogen

Progesterone

Chorionic Gonadotropins

Question 23

Glucagon mainly targets the _______ to stimulate the breakdown of glycogen to glucose to increase blood sugar levels.

Answer 23

Liver

Question 24

Glucagon and insulin are prompted by what kind of stimuli? (Note: 3 major types of stimuli)

Answer 24

Humoral Stimuli

Question 25

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ promotes glucose entry into all cells causing a decrease in blood glucose levels.

Answer 25

**Insulin**

Question 26

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ prepares the body to meet the conditions for pregnancy, whereas _______ promotes the body into puberty and maintains female sex traits.

Answer 26

**Progesterone** **Estrogen**

Question 27

The __________________ secrete the male sex hormones, which is primarily \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 27

**Interstitial cells of the Testes** **Testosterone**

Question 28

The female primary sex glands are the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 28

**Ovaries**

Question 29

The outside layer of the Adrenal glands is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and the inner part is referred to as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 29

**Cortex** **Medulla**

Question 30

The adrenal cortex produces 3 different hormones collectively called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 30

**Corticoids**

Question 31

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a hormone secreted by the outmost layer of the Adrenal Cortex. It targets the kidney to help regulate electrolyte levels.

Answer 31

**Aldosterone** (A type of Mineralocorticoid)

Question 32

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ contribute to the onset of puberty in boys and girls. This hormone is a type of gonadocorticoid produced in the _______ layer of the adrenal cortex.

Answer 32

**Androgens** **Inner**

Question 33

This is the condition where the pancreatic islets secrete very little amounts of insulin leading to the condition (upto 3x the amount of blood glucose levels).

Answer 33

**Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus** (Insulin Dependent)

Question 34

This condition results from an abnormality of the insulin receptors, which prevents the normal effect of insulin on its target cells thus raising blood glucose levels.

Answer 34

**Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus** (Non-insulin dependent)

Question 35

Adrenal glands produce hormone for a variety of functions. Give at least 3.

Answer 35

* The stress response ‘fight or flight' * Electrolyte and fluid balance * Gluconeogenesis * Anti-inflammation * Anti-immunity * Production of small amounts of sex hormones

Question 36

The adrenal medulla produces 2 hormones essential to the 'fight or flight' response.

Answer 36

**Epinephrine** **Norepinephrine**

Question 37

This hormone targets a variety of tissue causing anti-inflammatory and anti-immunity effects as well as increase calcium level in the blood.

Answer 37

**Cortisol**

Question 38

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are hormones that help maintain normal blood glucose levels via the process \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 38

**Glucocorticoids** **Gluconeogenesis**