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Flashcards in Chapter 24 Deck (78)
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1
Q

Which of these effects on digestion is not produced by the parasympathetic nervous system?

 increased peristalsis
 increased mucus secretion
 decreased acid secretion
 increased production of saliva
A

decreased acid secretion

2
Q

The cardiac sphincter is found between the __________.

 esophagus and stomach
 pharynx and esophagus
 heart and aorta
 small and large intestine
A

esophagus and stomach

3
Q

Which section of the colon is located between the right colic (hepatic) flexure and the left colic (hepatic) flexure?

 transverse colon
 descending colon
 ascending colon
 sigmoid colon
A

transverse colon

4
Q

In which section of the large intestine is the appendix found?

 cecum
 colon
 rectum
A

cecum

5
Q

What is the name of the series of pouches in the wall of the colon?

 fatty appendices
 haustra
 taenia coli
 sigmoid flexure
A

haustra

6
Q

The cephalic phase of stomach function is an example of the __________ system interacting with the digestive system.

 endocrine
 urinary
 nervous
 cardiovascular
A

nervous

7
Q

Which of these descriptions best matches the term gastrin?

 stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid
 stimulates gastric secretion
 causes gallbladder to contract
 carries absorbed sugars and amino acids
 where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum
A

stimulates gastric secretion

8
Q

A fatty apron known as the __________ protects the abdominal viscera anteriorly.

 rectus abdominis
 lamina propria
 mucosa
 greater omentum
A

greater omentum

9
Q

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the

	 bladder.
	 esophagus.
	 pharynx.
	 colon.
	 stomach.
A

bladder.

10
Q

Digestion refers to the

 chemical breakdown of food.
 mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
 mechanical breakdown of food.
 progressive dehydration of indigestible residue.
 All of the answers are correct.
A

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.

11
Q

The activities of the digestive system are regulated by

	 hormones.
	 the contents of the digestive tract.
	 intrinsic nerve plexuses.
	 parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons.
	 All of the answers are correct.
A

All of the answers are correct.

12
Q

Which of these descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus?

 coordinates activity of muscularis externa
 secretes a watery fluid
 component of mucosa
 loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels
 sensory neural network
A

coordinates activity of muscularis externa

13
Q

The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.

	 mesenteries
	 serosa
	 lamina propria
	 fibrosa
	 adventitia
A

mesenteries

14
Q

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the

	 adventitia.
	 mucosa.
	 lamina propria.
	 submucosal plexus.
	 serosa.
A

submucosal plexus.

15
Q

The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the

	 myenteric plexus.
	 lamina propria.
	 submucosal plexus.
	 submucosa.
	 muscularis mucosae.
A

lamina propria.

16
Q

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

	 pancreas
	 large intestine
	 esophagus
	 anus
	 stomach
A

large intestine

17
Q

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?

	 stomach
	 anus
	 large intestine
	 small intestine
	 esophagus
A

large intestine

18
Q

The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.

	 simple squamous
	 pseudostratified
	 stratified columnar
	 transitional
	 stratified squamous
A

stratified squamous

19
Q

The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity

	 secretes peritoneal fluid.
	 prevents irritation.
	 decreases friction.
	 lubricates the cavity.
	 All of the answers are correct.
A

All of the answers are correct.

20
Q

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the

	 palatoglossal arch.
	 epiglottis.
	 palatopharyngeal arch.
	 pharyngeal arch.
	 uvula.
A

uvula.

21
Q

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called

	 cementum.
	 pulp.
	 dentin.
	 periodontium.
	 enamel.
A

dentin.

22
Q

The part of a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the

	 pulp cavity.
	 cementum.
	 enamel.
	 dentin.
	 periodontium.
A

pulp cavity.

23
Q

The root of a tooth is covered by

	 pulp.
	 the root canal.
	 enamel.
	 cementum.
	 dentin.
A

cementum.

24
Q

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from

	 sympathetic stimulation.
	 parasympathetic stimulation.
	 myenteric reflexes.
	 hunger.
	 hormonal stimulation.
A

parasympathetic stimulation.

25
Q

In most cases, the mumps is a viral infection of the

	 sublingual glands.
	 submandibular glands.
	 parotid glands.
	 lingual glands.
	 mandibular glands.
A

parotid glands.

26
Q

The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the

	 larynx.
	 vestibule.
	 dip sulcus.
	 fauces.
	 pharynx.
A

vestibule.

27
Q

The uvula is located at the

	 margin of the vestibule.
	 posterior of the tongue.
	 posterior margin of the soft palate.
	 margin of the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx.
	 base of a tooth.
A

posterior margin of the soft palate.

28
Q

What is the most superior region of the stomach called?

 pylorus
 cardia
 body
 fundus
A

fundus

29
Q

What are the wrinkles in the wall of the stomach called?

 pyloric sphincter
 rugae
 lesser curvature
 pyloris antrum
A

rugae

30
Q

How is the muscularis externa modified in the stomach?

 There is an additional third oblique layer of smooth muscle.
 The muscularis externa of the stomach has plicae circularis.
 There is only one layer of smooth muscle in the muscularis externa of the stomach.
 The muscularis externa is made of skeletal muscle instead of smooth muscle.
A

There is an additional third oblique layer of smooth muscle.

31
Q

The cells in the gastric mucosa near the openings of the gastric pits largely specialize in secreting __________.

 pepsinogen
 intrinsic factor
 hydrochloric acid
 mucus
A

mucus

32
Q

Parietal cells secrete

	 gastrin.
	 enteropeptidase.
	 pepsinogen.
	 hydrochloric acid.
	 mucus.
A

hydrochloric acid.

33
Q

Chief cells secrete

	 hydrochloric acid.
	 gastrin.
	 pepsinogen.
	 intrinsic factor.
	 mucus.
A

pepsinogen.

34
Q

G cells of the stomach secrete

	 cholecystokinin.
	 gastrin.
	 pepsin.
	 secretin.
	 enteropeptidase.
A

gastrin.

35
Q

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the

	 body.
	 pylorus.
	 antrum.
	 cardia.
	 fundus.
A

body.

36
Q

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

	 villi.
	 cardia.
	 papillae.
	 plicae.
	 rugae.
A

rugae.

37
Q

The stomach secretes the hormone ghrelin which functions to

 stimulate secretion of mucus from submucosal glands.
 inhibit hunger.
 initiate secretion of gastric juice containing enzymes and acid.
 regulate the digestion of lipids.
 stimulate hunger.
A

stimulate hunger.

38
Q

The enzyme pepsin digests

	 vitamins.
	 nucleic acids.
	 lipids.
	 proteins.
	 carbohydrates.
A

proteins.

39
Q

The pylorus empties into the

	 colon.
	 jejunum.
	 cecum.
	 ileum.
	 duodenum.
A

duodenum.

40
Q

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,

 secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells.
 the stomach responds to distention.
 there is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach.
 production of gastric juice slows down.
 the intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying.
A

there is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach.

41
Q

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the

 entry of food into the stomach.
 sight, thought, or smell of food.
 release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine.
 entry of chyme into the small intestine.
 entry of chyme into the large intestine.
A

entry of food into the stomach.

42
Q

Mary had her stomach mostly removed to try to overcome obesity. As a result you would expect Mary to be at risk for

	 dehydration.
	 an ulcer.
	 pernicious anemia.
	 protein malnutrition.
	 diarrhea.
A

pernicious anemia.

43
Q

The pH of the blood in gastric veins

 is constant because of buffering.
 is greater following a 24-hour fast than during digestion of a large meal.
 is greater during digestion of a large meal than following a 24-hour fast.
 None of the answers are correct.
A

is greater during digestion of a large meal than following a 24-hour fast.

44
Q

The stomach is different from other digestive organs in that it

	 secretes digestive hormones.
	 has folds in the mucosa.
	 has three layers of muscle in the muscularis externa.
	 moves by peristalsis.
	 secretes digestive juice.
A

has three layers of muscle in the muscularis externa.

45
Q

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in

 decreased gastrin production.
 a lower pH during gastric digestion.
 a higher pH during gastric digestion.
 decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells.
 increased protein digestion in the stomach.
A

a higher pH during gastric digestion.

46
Q

Which bile duct leads into and out of the gallbladder?

 cystic duct
 common bile duct
 left hepatic duct
 right hepatic duct
A

cystic duct

47
Q

Into which section of the small intestine do both the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty?

 ileum
 duodenum
 jejunum
A

duodenum

48
Q

What is the name of the blood vessel that brings blood from the small intestine, large intestine, stomach, and spleen to the liver?

 right gastric artery
 common hepatic artery
 left hepatic artery
 hepatic portal vein
A

hepatic portal vein

49
Q

Most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is performed in the __________.

 ileum
 duodenum
 jejunum
 stomach
A

jejunum

50
Q

Plicae and intestinal villi

 carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries.
 produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine.
 secrete digestive enzymes.
 increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.
 produce hormones.
A

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

51
Q

An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucus secretion by the submucosal duodenal glands is

	 cholecystokinin.
	 gastrin.
	 enterocrinin.
	 secretin.
	 GIP.
A

enterocrinin.

52
Q

The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery, bicarbonate-rich fluid is

	 gastrin.
	 secretin.
	 GIP.
	 cholecystokinin.
	 enterocrinin.
A

secretin.

53
Q

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is

	 cholecystokinin.
	 enteropeptidase.
	 secretin.
	 GIP.
	 gastrin.
A

cholecystokinin.

54
Q

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is

	 gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
	 enterocrinin.
	 secretin.
	 cholecystokinin.
	 enteropeptidase.
A

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).

55
Q

ntestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is

	 cholecystokinin.
	 gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
	 gastrin.
	 enteropeptidase.
	 secretin.
A

gastrin.

56
Q

The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of

	 pancreatic acini.
	 islets of Langerhans.
	 triads.
	 pancreatic lobules.
	 pancreatic crypts.
A

pancreatic acini.

57
Q

The basic functional unit of the liver is the

	 hepatocyte.
	 Kupffer cell.
	 portal area.
	 bile canaliculus.
	 lobule.
A

lobule.

58
Q

The Kupffer cells of the liver

	 present antigens.
	 are phagocytic.
	 destroy bacteria.
	 destroy RBCs.
	 All of the answers are correct.
A

All of the answers are correct.

59
Q

The pancreas produces

	 lipases and amylase.
	 peptidases and proteinases.
	 nucleases.
	 sodium bicarbonate.
	 All of the answers are correct.
A

All of the answers are correct.

60
Q

Bile is stored in the

	 appendix.
	 pancreas.
	 duodenum.
	 gallbladder.
	 liver.
A

gallbladder.

61
Q

Enterogastric reflexes

	 involve the enteric nervous system.
	 inhibit gastric secretion.
	 are triggered by chyme entering the duodenum.
	 inhibit gastric motility.
	 All of the answers are correct.
A

All of the answers are correct.

62
Q

The essential functions of the liver include

	 albumin production for blood osmotic pressure.
	 bile production.
	 hematological regulation.
	 metabolic regulation.
	 All of the answers are correct.
A

All of the answers are correct.

63
Q

An obstruction of the common bile duct often results in

	 a decrease in production of pancreatic juice.
	 inability to digest protein.
	 undigested fat in the feces.
	 hepatitis.
	 cirrhosis of the liver.
A

undigested fat in the feces.

64
Q

Tom has hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in Tom?

	 overproduction of blood plasma albumin
	 jaundice
	 impaired digestion of protein
	 elevated levels of blood glucose
	 blood in the feces
A

jaundice

65
Q

Hydrochloric acid from the stomach is neutralized in the small intestine by:

	 trypsin
	 bile from the liver
	 water that was ingested with the food
	 sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas
	 enzymes from the intestinal crypts
A

sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas

66
Q

Which digestive juice contains enzymes that breakdown carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins?

	 saliva
	 bile
	 intestinal juice
	 gastric juice
	 pancreatic juice
A

pancreatic juice

67
Q

Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called

	 haustral churning.
	 segmentation.
	 pendular movements.
	 mass movements.
	 defecation.
A

mass movements.

68
Q

Functions of the large intestine include

 drug inactivation.
 chemical breakdown of food.
 secretion of vitamins.
 production of gas to move waste toward the rectum.
 resorption (absorption) of water and compaction of feces.
A

resorption (absorption) of water and compaction of feces.

69
Q

Haustra are

	 strips of muscle in the colon.
	 expansible pouches of the colon.
	 the source of colon hormones.
	 compact feces stored in the rectum.
	 glands in the large intestine that secrete mucus.
A

expansible pouches of the colon.

70
Q

A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the

	 ileum.
	 haustra.
	 appendix.
	 pancreas.
	 gallbladder.
A

appendix.

71
Q

The enzyme alpha-amylase that digests polysaccharides is secreted by the __________.

 pancreas
 brush border
 duodenum
 All of these structures secrete alpha-amylase.
A

pancreas

72
Q

Lipid-soluble vitamins cross the digestive epithelium primarily by _________.

 active transport
 channel-mediated diffusion
 vesicular transport
 diffusion
A

diffusion

73
Q

The enzyme amylase digests

	 polysaccharides.
	 disaccharides.
	 peptides.
	 triglycerides.
	 nucleotides.
A

polysaccharides.

74
Q

An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is

	 lipase.
	 nuclease.
	 trypsin.
	 amylase.
	 maltase.
A

trypsin.

75
Q

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

	 esophagus.
	 stomach.
	 duodenum.
	 mouth.
	 ileum.
A

mouth.

76
Q

If digestion of a carbohydrate results in equal amounts of glucose and galactose, this carbohydrate is probably

	 sucrose.
	 maltose.
	 lactose.
	 glycogen.
	 cellulose.
A

lactose.

77
Q

Which of the following is true regarding lactose intolerance?

 the intestinal crypts are not producing the enzyme lactase
 the enzyme maltase begins to digest lactose
 lactose intolerant infants cannot digest dairy fat and are at risk of starvation
 the person cannot digest any type of monosaccharide
 the stomach produces inadequate amounts of lactase
A

the intestinal crypts are not producing the enzyme lactase

78
Q

Regulation of digestion depends on the __________.

 central nervous system
 endocrine system
 enteric nervous system
 All of these systems are important in the regulation of digestion.
A

All of these systems are important in the regulation of digestion.