Chapter 24

Question 0

Biotechnology

Answer 0

Term that encompasses genetic engineering and other techniques that make up use of natural biological systems to create a product or achieve a particular result desire by humans

Question 1

Anticodon

Answer 1

Three base sequence in a transfer RNA molecule that pairs with a complemtary codon in mRNA

Question 2

Cloning

Answer 2

Production of identical copies ; can be either the production of identical individuals or in genetic engineering

Question 3

Codon

Answer 3

Three base sequence in messenger RNA that causes the insertion of a particular amino acid into a protein or termination of translation

Question 4

Complementary base pairing

Answer 4

Hydrogen bonding between particular bases

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

Nucleic acid found in cells; the genetic material that specifics protein synthesis in cells

Question 6

DNA fingerprinting

Answer 6

The use of DNA fragment lengths resulting from restriction enzyme cleavage to identify particular individuals

Question 7

DNA ligase

Answer 7

Enzyme that links DNA fragments; used during production of recombinant DNA to join foreign DNA to vector DNA

Question 8

Double helix

Answer 8

Double spiral; describes the 3D shape of DNA

Question 9

Gene

Answer 9

Unit of hereditary existing as alleles on the chromosome; in diploid organisms typically 2 alleles are inherit one from each parent

Question 10

Gene cloning

Answer 10

Production of one or more copies of the same gene

Question 11

Gene mutation

Answer 11

Alteration in a gene due to a change in DNA composition

Question 12

Genetic engineering

Answer 12

Alteration of genomes for medical or industrial purposes

Question 13

Messenger RNA

Answer 13

Ribonucleic acid whose sequence of codons specifics the sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis

Question 14

Mutation

Answer 14

Alteration in chromosome structure or number and also an alteration in a gene due to a change in DNA composition

Question 15

Plasmid

Answer 15

Self duplicating ring of accessory DNA in cytoplasm of bacteria

Question 16

Polymerase chain reaction

Answer 16

Technique that uses the enzyme DNA polymerase to produce copies of a particular piece of DNA within a test tube

Question 17

Polyribosome

Answer 17

String of ribosomes simultaneously translating regions of the same mRNA strand during protein synthesis

Question 18

Promoter

Answer 18

In a operon, a sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds prior to transcription

Question 19

Purine

Answer 19

Type of nitrogen containing base such as adenine and guanine having a double ring structure

Question 20

Pryrimidine

Answer 20

Type of nitrogen contains base such as cytosine thymine and uracil having single ring structure

Question 21

Recombinant DNA

Answer 21

DNA that contains genes from more than one source

Question 22

Restriction enzyme

Answer 22

Bacterial enzyme that stops viral reproduction by cleaving viral DNA ; used to cut DNA at specific points during production of recombinant DNA

Question 23

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 23

Type of DNA found in ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs

Question 24

Ribosome

Answer 24

RNA and protein in two subunits; site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Question 25

RNA

Answer 25

Nuclei acid produced from covalent binding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar ribose; occurs in 3 forms messenger RNA , ribosomal RNA , transfer RNA

Question 26

RNA polymerase

Answer 26

During transcription, an enzyme that joins nucleotide complementary to a portion DNA

Question 27

Transcription

Answer 27

Process resulting in the production of a strand of mRNA that is complementary to a segment of DNA

Question 28

Transfers RNA

Answer 28

Type of RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis; at one end, it binds to the amino acid , and at the other end, it has a anticodon that binds to an mRNA codon

Question 29

Transgenic organism

Answer 29

Free living organism in the environment that has a foreign gene it it's cell

Question 30

Translation

Answer 30

Process in which the sequence of codons in mRNA dictates the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Question 31

Transposon

Answer 31

DNA sequence capable of randomly moving from one site to another in the genome

Question 32

Triplet code

Answer 32

During gene expression, each sequence of 3 nucleotide bases stands for particular amino acid

Question 33

Vector

Answer 33

In genetic engineering, a means to transfer foreign genetic material into a cell; a plasmid for example