Chapter 24

Question 1

What are the properties of the D-block elements?

Answer 1

• Are metallic (displays properties of metals)
• High melting + boiling points
• Shiny
• Conduct Electricity and heat

Question 2

What are d-clock elements used for?

Answer 2

Cu, Ag, Ni, Zn - coinage
Fe - construction + production of tools
Cu - Electrical cables + water pipes
Ti - (great strength) used in aerospace, medical applications + cosmetic dentistry

Question 3

How do d-clock elements fill in their orbitals when forming an atom and ion?

Answer 3

4s orbitals fills before 3d orbitals for ATOM

4s orbital empties before 3d orbital ION

Question 4

What are the transition metals?

Answer 4

Are defined as d-block elements that form at least one ion with a partially filled d-orbital
scandium and zinc are not TRANSITION

Question 5

Why are Scandium and Zinc not transition elements?

Answer 5

Sc3+ had empty d-orbitals
Zn2+ had full d-orbitals
Sc3+ and Zn2+ do not form ions with partially filled d-orbitals

Question 6

What are the properties of transition metals?

Answer 6

• form colored compounds
• Form compounds in which the transition has different oxidation states
• Can act as catalysts

Question 7

Name the colours of compounds

Answer 7

potassium (IV) dichromate - bright orange
Cobalt (II) chloride - Pink purple
Nickel (II) Sulfate - Green
Hydrated copper (II) sulfate - blue

Question 8

How do transition metals act as catalysts?

Answer 8

A catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy

Question 9

Name the product and catalyst used for the Haber + contact process and hydrogenation of vegetable fats?

Answer 9

Haber process - ammonia , iron catalyst
Contact process - sulfur trioxide Vanadium (V) oxide catalyst
hydrogenation of vegetable fats - Margarine , nickel catalyst

Question 10

What is the definition of a heterogeneous catalyst?

Answer 10

Catalyst is in a different state of the reactants

Question 11

What is the definition of a homogeneous catalyst?

Answer 11

Catalyst is in the same physical state as the reactants

Question 12

What charges do ligands have?

Answer 12

Most ligands have no charge

Some are negatively charged e.g hydroxide ions

Question 13

What is the definition of a monodentate ligand?

Answer 13

A ligand that is able to donate one pair of electrons to a central metal ion

Question 14

What is the definition of a bidentate ligand?

Answer 14

Ligands can donate two lone pairs of electrons to the central metal ion forming, two co-ordinate bonds

Question 15

What is the definition of a complex ion?

Answer 15

FORMED WHEN ONE OR MORE MOLECULES OR NEGATIVELY CHARGED IONS FORMED TO A CENTRAL METAL ION

Question 16

What is the definition of a ligand?

Answer 16

A molecule or ion that donates a pair of electrons to a central metal ion to form a coordinate bond or dative covalent bond

Question 17

What is the definition of a coordination number?

Answer 17

the number of coordinate bonds attached to the central metal ion

Question 18

What is the definition of stereoisomers?

Answer 18

have the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 19

describe the shape in cis isomers

Answer 19

Two identical groups are adjacent to each other

90

Question 20

describe the shape in trans isomers

Answer 20

Two identical groups are opposite to each other

180