Chapter 24

Question 1

bandlike flat tendons connecting the process of the scapula

Answer 1

aponeurosis

Question 2

saclike structure containing thick fluid that surrounds areas subject to friction, such as the interface between bone and tendon

Answer 2

bursa

Question 3

covering of a nerve that consists of connective tissue

Answer 3

epineurium

Question 4

small bundle of muscles, nerves, and tendons

Answer 4

fasciculi

Question 5

fibrous band of tissue connecting bone or cartilage to bone that aids in stabilizing a joint

Answer 5

ligament

Question 6

type of tissue consisting of contractile cells or fibers that affects movement of an organ or part of the body

Answer 6

muscle

Question 7

substance forming the sheath of Schwann cells

Answer 7

myelin

Question 8

a feather-like pattern of muscle growth

Answer 8

pennate

Question 9

connective tissue that surrounds muscle

Answer 9

perineurium

Question 10

membrane surrounding a joint, tendon, or bursa that secretes a viscous fluid called synovia

Answer 10

synovial sheath

Question 11

fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone

Answer 11

tendon

Question 12

the anterior portion of the body when in the anatomic position

Answer 12

volar

Question 13

the joint found in the shoulder that connects the clavicle to the acromion process of the scapula

Answer 13

acromioclavicular joint

Question 14

the quality of comprising varying of a given property when measured in different directions

Answer 14

anisotropy

Question 15

conduit for impulses sent to and from the muscles and the central nervous system

Answer 15

nerve

Question 16

posterior linear equidistant artifact created when sound reverberates between two strong reflectors, such as air bubbles, metal, and glass

Answer 16

comet tail artifact

Question 17

upward movement of the hand and foot

Answer 17

dorsiflexion

Question 18

fibrous tunnel that contains the ulnar artery and vein, ulnar nerve, and some fatty tissue

Answer 18

Guyon’s canal or tunnel

Question 19

pointing of the toes toward the planter surface of the foot

Answer 19

platers flexion

Question 20

the bending of the sound beam at the edge of a circular structure that results in the absence of posterior echoes

Answer 20

refractile shadowing

Question 21

accumulation of serous fluid within tissue

Answer 21

seroma

Question 22

inflammation of the tendon

Answer 22

tendinitis

Question 23

skeletal muscle contains long organized units called muscle ______.

Answer 23

fibers

Question 24

the characteristic long fibers are under voluntary control, allowing us to contract a ______ and move a joint.

Answer 24

muscle

Question 25

a ______ muscle has a division of several feather-like sections in one muscle, and the ______ is the convergence of fibers to a central tendon.

Answer 25

multipennate, circumpennate

Question 26

the attachment of the muscle that occurs at the proximal and distal portion of the bundle is called a ______.

Answer 26

tendon

Question 27

tendons occur with or without a ______ sheath.

Answer 27

synovial

Question 28

the sheath surrounding a tendon has two layers, the fluid separates the layers in this part of the body:

Answer 28

shoulder, hand, wrist, and ankle

Question 29

short bands of tough fibers that connect bones to other bones are ______.

Answer 29

ligaments

Question 30

the saclike structure surrounding joints and tendons that contains a viscous fluid is the ______.

Answer 30

bursa

Question 31

the knee joint has ______ bursa.

Answer 31

nine

Question 32

a loose areolar connective tissue that fills the fascial compartment of the tendon lacking a synovial sheath is a ______.

Answer 32

paratenon

Question 33

the dense ______ is another layer of connective tissue that closely adjoins the tendon.

Answer 33

epitendineum

Question 34

interwoven and interconnected collagen fibers found in the tendon run in a ______ path.

Answer 34

parallel

Question 35

the proximal portion of the muscle is considered the ______, whereas the ______ is the distal end.

Answer 35

origin, insertion

Question 36

the normal nerve has a ______ appearance when compared with muscle, but it is ______ to tendons.

Answer 36

hyperechoic, hypoechoic

Question 37

the minute amount of viscous fluid contained within the bursa helps reduce ______ between the moving parts of the joint.

Answer 37

friction

Question 38

echogenic line on the anterior surface of the cartilage surrounding the humeral head.

Answer 38

cartilage interface sign

Question 39

hypoechoic hematoma found at the end of a completely retracted muscle fragment

Answer 39

clapper-in-the-bell sign

Question 40

the deltoid muscle is one the humeral head; seen with a full-thickness tear of the rotator cuff

Answer 40

naked tuberosity sign

Question 41

increased in wrist compression caused by hyperflexion of the wrist for 60 seconds

Answer 41

Phalen's sign

Question 42

test used to evaluate the integrity of the Achilles tendon that involves plantar flexion with squeezing of the calf

Answer 42

Thompson's test

Question 43

pins and needles type of tingling felt distally to a percussion site and either a normal or abnormal occurrence

Answer 43

Tinel's sign

Question 44

to begin the examination of the biceps, place the patient with a slight ______ rotation of the shoulder.

Answer 44

internal

Question 45

when facing the patient and imaging the right shoulder, the lateral anatomy displays on the ______ side of the image and the medial anatomy on the ______ side of the screen.

Answer 45

left, right

Question 46

the grove located between the greater and lesser tuberosities, coupled with the overlying transverse ligament, maintains the ______ tendon location.

Answer 46

biceps

Question 47

using the biceps tendon as a landmark, angle the transducer ______ to locate the subscapularis tendon.

Answer 47

anteromedially

Question 48

the bandlike tendon that has a medium level echotexture is the ______ tendon and originates from the greater tuberosity of the humerus.

Answer 48

supraspinatus

Question 49

a good landmark to help find the anteriorly located infraspinatus tendon is the posterior ______.

Answer 49

glenoid labrum

Question 50

fluid imaged ______ to the infraspinatus tendon indicates bursa fluid, whereas ______ fluid indicates joint effusion.

Answer 50

superficial, posterior

Question 51

the carpal tunnel is located between the ______ bones and the ______ retinaculum on the palmar side of the wrist.

Answer 51

carpal, flexor

Question 52

the ulnar artery and veins indicates the medial border of the carpal tunnel, whereas the most lateral structure is the ______ artery and veins

Answer 52

radial

Question 53

the tendon that connects the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to the calcaneus is the ______ tendon

Answer 53

Achilles

Question 54

the dislocation of the biceps tendon from the bicipital groove may be due to a problem with

Answer 54

transverse humeral ligament, abnormal development of the bicipital groove, supraspinatus or subscapularis tears

Question 55

the ______ thickness tear involves either the bursal or articular cuff surface or the intrasubstance material.

Answer 55

partial

Question 56

the presence of large amounts of fluid in the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa raises the chance of a nonvisualized ______ tear.

Answer 56

full-thickness

Question 57

the normal tendon cannot be compressed; however, the injured tendon ______ as the torn edges move apart.

Answer 57

flattens

Question 58

joint effusion around the biceps tendon combined with subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis results in the ______.

Answer 58

double-effusion

Question 59

acute tendinitis involves not only the tendon but the surrounding ______ sheath.

Answer 59

synovial

Question 60

the normal synovial sheath appears as a hypochoic ______ around the tendon

Answer 60

halo

Question 61

the abrupt stretching of the muscle beyond the maximum length results in a ______ tear.

Answer 61

distraction

Question 62

external force resulting in a crush injury is considered a ______ tear

Answer 62

compression

Question 63

a Bakers cyst is an example of an ______ bursa in the medical popliteal fossa.

Answer 63

communicating