Chapter 24 Quiz

Question 1

The wealthy class is becoming more wealthy; but the poorer class is becoming more dependent. The gulf between the employed and the employer is growing wider; social contrasts are becoming sharper; as liveried carriages appear; so do barefooted children

Answer 1

Henry George

Question 2

Transcontinental railroad building was so _______ and _____

Answer 2

costly, risky

Question 3

What did the construction of railway systems promise?

Answer 3

Greater national unity and economic growth

Question 4

What did congress do after being impressed by pleads military and postal needs?

Answer 4

Advanced liberal loans to two cross-continent companies

Question 5

What did grasping railroads also acquire?

Answer 5

More land

Question 6

What did land grants to railroads made in broad belts along the proposed route lead to?

Answer 6

The railroads were allowed to choose alternate mile-square sections

Question 7

Railroads withheld all the land until..

Answer 7

they determined the precise location of their track & decided which sections were the best

Question 8

Who put an end to railroad companies retaining the land?

Answer 8

Grover Cleveland and let others to claim land that wasn’t taken

Question 9

Why was granting land a cheap way to fund a desired transportation system>

Answer 9

It avoided new taxes fr direct cash grants

Question 10

What happened to villages that had railroads?

Answer 10

They would becoming flourishing cities

Question 11

What happened to villages that didn’t have railroads?

Answer 11

They would wither away and become “Ghost towns”

Question 12

How was the hiatus of the proposed transcontinental railroad broken?

Answer 12

When the South broke away

Question 13

What was the urgency for bolstering the Union?

Answer 13

By binding the pacific Coast to the rest of the republic

Question 14

What was the Union’s name that was commissioned to go westward from Nebraska?

Answer 14

The Union Pacific Railroad

Question 15

What was the pace of construction gangs of Irish paddies?

Answer 15

Fast

Question 16

What would laborers do when Natives would attack to protect their lands?

Answer 16

They would drop their picks and seize their rifles

Question 17

Where would railroad workers try to relax for Nebraska westward expansion?

Answer 17

They would relax in tenant towns known as “hells on wheels” along with prostitutes and performers

Question 18

How did Chinese workers benefit the unions?

Answer 18

They were cheap, efficient, and dispensable

Question 19

How did thousands of Chinese workers lose their lives?

Answer 19

In premature explosions

Question 20

Who didn’t receive any land grants?

Answer 20

The Great Northern

Question 21

What would pioneer builders do?

Answer 21

They would lay down railroads that would led to nothing

Question 22

Who was the genius that switched from steamboating to railroading?

Answer 22

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Question 23

How was Vanderbilt successful in the railroad industry?

Answer 23

He offered the service at low rates, popularized steel rail, & efficiency/safety

Question 24

How was steel better than iron?

Answer 24

It was safer and economical since it would carry more

Question 25

How did railroads help economic growth?

Answer 25

Trains hauled materials to factories and farmers carried fruits to market

Question 26

Where did Railroad companies try to find immigrants to work for them?

Answer 26

Europe

Question 27

Where did most European settlers go to?

Answer 27

Iowa, Illinois, Kansas and Nebraska

Question 28

How did railroad operators deal with local times?

Answer 28

They divided the country up into four time zones to stop worrying about schedules and wrecks

Question 29

What does the "stock watering" mean in railroad terms?

Answer 29

Promoters inflated their claims about a lines assets, profitability, sold stocks, and bonds

Question 30

What were railroad managers forced to do?

Answer 30

They were forced to charge rates and wage competitive battles to pay off financial obligations

Question 31

How did railroaders buy and sell people in life?

Answer 31

They bribed judges, employed lobbyists, gave free passes to journalists and politicians

Question 32

What was the "pool" for alliances between railroaders?

Answer 32

To divide the business and share profits

Question 33

How did the depression of the 1870s affect the farmers?

Answer 33

The farmers protested and became against being "railroaded" into bankruptcy

Question 34

What was the Wabash, St. Louis & pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois case?

Answer 34

Declared that individual states had no power to regulate interstate trade

Question 35

What was the Interstate Commerce Act?

Answer 35

It prohibited refunds, pools and required the railroads to push their rates to the public

Question 36

How did the Commerce Act set up the Interstate Commerce Commission?

Answer 36

It made them administer and enforce the new legislation

Question 37

Where were investors from abroad that loaned money to the United States from?

Answer 37

Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland

Question 38

What was steel largely built on?

Answer 38

The sweat of low priced immigrant labor from east and south Europe working 12 hours every week

Question 39

What was Thomas Edison known for?

Answer 39

He was known for perfecting the electric lightbulb

Question 40

Who invented the telephone?

Answer 40

Alexander Graham

Question 41

Who were the business leaders at that time?

Answer 41

Andrew Carnegie, John D, Rockefeller & J. Pierpont Morgan

Question 42

Where did miners mainly mine?

Answer 42

Mesabi Range

Question 43

Where did Carnegie ships float ores towards?

Answer 43

Great Lakes

Question 44

Where did railroads delivered to the blast furnaces ores at?

Answer 44

Pittsburgh

Question 45

What is vertical integration?

Answer 45

Combining into one organization all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing

Question 46

What was Carnegie's goal?

Answer 46

To improve efficiency by making supplies, controlling the quality, and eliminating middlemen's fees

Question 47

What was horizontal integration?

Answer 47

Allying with competitors to monopolize a given market

Question 48

How Carnegie control rivals?

Answer 48

Trust

Question 49

What was the standard oil company?

Answer 49

Stockholders in various smaller oil companies assigned their stock to this

Question 50

What was Rockefeller's unwritten motto?

Answer 50

Let us pray

Question 51

What was interlocking directorates?

Answer 51

Consolidate rival enterprises to ensure future harmony by placing officer of his own on various boards of directors

Question 52

What did William Kelly discover?

Answer 52

He discovered that cold air blown on a red-hot iron caused the metal to become white hot by igniting carbon which eliminated impurities

Question 53

How did J. Pierpont Morgan make a legendary reputation for himself?

Answer 53

By financing the reorganization of railroads, insurance companies, and banks

Question 54

What did Carnegie dedicate the last years of his life to?

Answer 54

Giving money to libraries, pensions for professors, and others

Question 55

How did Morgan move rapidly once Carnegie passed away?

Answer 55

He took his buildings and his company was the first to be a billionaire

Question 55

How did Morgan move rapidly once Carnegie passed away?

Answer 55

He took his buildings and his company was the first to be a billionaire

Question 56

What was the first major product of the infant oil industry?

Answer 56

Kerosene

Question 57

How did the oil industry turn around after the electric lightbulb?

Answer 57

Gasoline was now in steam and electricity