Chapter 24.1-24.2 Quiz Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Who were the two breakthrough biochemists for DNA?
James D. Watson & Francis H. C. Crick
What did discoveries in the 20th century reveal?
Genes consisting of segments of DNA in which genetic info is stored
Where is DNA located?
Nucleus
What protein composes the spools that DNA is wound around?
Histones
What is a spool with DNA wrapped around it?
Nucleosome
What is stored DNA?
Chromatin
What is similar to DNA but consists of only one strand?
RNA
What consists of a sugar molecule phosphate group and a nitrogen base?
Nucleotides
What is a two spiral structure of the DNA molecule?
Double Helix
What process ensures that only certain combinations of DNA bases will fit together?
Base Pairing
What are the four bases in DNA?
Guanine, Cystosine, Adenine, Thymine(RNA has uracil instead)
What is the process by which DNA is copied in a cell?
DNA Replication
What is produced in the nucleus and shipped to the cytoplasm?
Messenger RNA (MRNA)
What is the consecutive sequence of 3 nucleotides in the MRNA?
Codon
What is the most abundant type of RNA in the cell?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Enzyme
What brings aminoacids to ribosomes?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
What are topographical errors?
Mutations
What career determines the anatomy and physiology of the cells?
Cell Biology
What career determines the chemical processes of life?
Biochemistry
What career uses knowledge of microbiology, cellular biology, molecular biology, and biochemistry to produce useful commercial products?
Biotechnology/Industrial Microbiology
What is using DNA and genetics for man’s benefit?
Genetics
What career uses knowledge of cellular biology, molecular biology, and biochemistry to design or produce medical treatments and medicines?
Pharmacology/Biomedical Research
