chapter 25 Flashcards by Lainey Garrett

socialist who organize “The Blackshirts” aka Fascist Party

Benito Mussolini

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a form of socialism that exercise totalitarian control

Fascism

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Socialist who created the “National Socialist German Workers’ Party” or “Nazis”

Adolf Hitler

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a form of socialism that relies on terrorist aggression, fanatical racism, and anti democratic nationalism

Nazism

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Hitler’s autobiography and exposition of Nazi ideology

Mein Kampf

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Germany’s chief legislative body. Started electing Nazi candidates

Reichstag

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Hitler appointed himself the new leader of the Third Reich

“Der Fuhrer”

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led the militarists in the thirties, using military to fix economic and social problems

General Hideki Tojo

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the official head of the government with no real authority

Emperor Hirohito

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1931, Japan begins the wave of aggression by seizing “Manchukuo”

Manchuria, China

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by 1939, Japanese controlled most of eastern China

Eastern China

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volunteer squadrons of American airmen led by Claire Chennault

“Flying Tigers”

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1935, Mussolini invaded the nation and slaughter the people

Ethiopia

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Hitler regained his demilitarized land with his new military

Rhineland, Germany

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(General Francisco Franco vs. Spain’s socialist government)

The Spanish Civil War

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1936 Mussolini and Hitler joined forces in the Rome-Berlin Axis

Formation of the Axis

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Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

Tripartite Treaty

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1938 Hitler removed the Chancellor of Austria and established the Anschluss, forced union of Germany with Austria

Axis Powers Austria

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1918-1938 the new nation became the most prosperous eastern european nation

Czechoslovakia

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Mussolini conquered Albania in the Balkans 1939

Albania

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Hitler desires the Polish Corridor

Poland

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A secret plan to invade Poland and divide the land between Russia and Germany

Navi-Soviet Pact

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Hitler Invades Poland

September 1, 1939

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World War II Begins

September 3, 1939

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warships desitend to fit the size limitations imposed by Treaty of Versailles

“Pocket Battleships”

Congress’ legislation which allowed the President to forbid trade with belligerents on American ships and limit trade with warring countries to goods paid for in cash and carried from American ports in foreign vessels

Neutrality Act of 1937

March 1941 Congress granted the President the right to sell, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of war materials to any nation whose defense he held to be vital to American security

Lend-Lease Act

December 1937, Japanese airmen sunk the American gunboat Panay

The Panay Incident

the home base for America’s Pacific fleet

Pearl Harbor

Japanese attacked Pearl harbor, destroyed 18 ships, 170 airplanes, and killed over 3,500 serviceman

December 7, 1941

a French port, failed to be raided by the allies

Dieppe

the leader of the British Eighth Army

General Bernard Montgomery

leader of the American forces

General Dwight D. Eisenhower and George S. Patton

Japanese-American Soldiers

The Nisei (meaning second generation)

a unit of Nisei, the most decorated infantry unit in all of the U.S. Army

442nd Regimental Combat Team

Thousands of Allied troops hit the beaches of Normandy, France in the largest amphibious assault in History

June 6, 1944 (D-Day)

German officials attempt to assassinate Hitler

July 20, 1944

Free French Forces liberated Paris

August 23, 1944

Hitler launched a counterattack through the Ardennes Forest

December 1944

Nazi troops were confined to single “Bulge” and eventually had to retreat

December 16

The Nazis’ last great offensive in the west

The Battle of the Bulge

Soviets invaded Germany from the East, Allies in the West forced Germans back to the Rhine River

March 1945

Adolf Hitler committed suicide in an underground bunker

April 30, 1945

Germans surrendered unconditionally

May 7, 1945

V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day)

May 8, 1945

only had half of the time he needed to prepare the Philippines before the Japanese attacked

General Douglas MacArthur

British surrendered Christmas Day, 1941

Hong Kong

fell in February 1942

Singapore

Japanese 1942, Japanese cut off the last land route to China

Burma Road

February 1942, American and Dutch Asiatic fleets but were defeated by and Japan conquered the land by March

Battle of the Java Sea

April 1942, 16 American B-25 bombers over Japanese cities, scaring the Japanese and pushing them to expand too far

Colonel “Jimmy” Doolittle

the strategy to only invade important islands to establish air and naval bases

“Island hopping”

The Solomon Islands

Admiral William Halsey

commander-in-chief, focusing on the central pacific

Admiral Chester Nimitz

Nov 1943, island hop one

Tarawa

une/July 1944, the keystone of the Japanese defense

Saipan

heavy Japan losses

Battle of the Philippine Sea

Oct. 1944, Japan lost almost all of their remaining ships and planes

Battle of Leyte Gulf

a tiny island with a vital Japanese aircraft base

Iwo Jima

an even more intense struggle than Iwo Jima

Okinawa

Suicide planes loaded with explosives

Kamikazes

became president after Roosevelt’s death in 1945

Harry S. Truman

Allies call upon the Japanese to unconditionally surrender, that they would neither be enslaved or destroyed

July 16, 1945

the largest research and scientific effort of its day. Created the Atomic Bomb

The Manhattan Project

a German-born Jewish Physicist

Albert Einstein

Fled Fascist Italy

Enrico Fermi

A Jewish émigré from Hungry

Edward Teller

an American-born Jewish man

Robert Oppenheimer

August 6, 1945 92,000 Japanese died and the city was destroyed

Hiroshima

August 8, 1945: 40,000 Japanese killed

Nagasaki

September 2, 1945 Victory in Japan Day

V-J Day

an elite corps of extremely fanatical nazis

the Nazi secret police

Gestapo

Reich Marshal

Hermann Göring

Leader of the SS

Heinrich Himmler

Director of the SS office for Jewish deportation

Adolf Eichmann

Commander of Auschwitz

Rudolf Höss

1941 Roosevelt and Churchill declared/urged that the nations of the world ought to abandon the use of force and to work together for world peace

The Atlantic Charter

Nov. 28-Dec. 1, 1943 Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet in Iran to discuss the fate of liberated countries and post-war peace

“The Big Three” at Tehran

Feb 4/12, 1945, the big three meet at a Black Sea island resort, Unfortunately giving land to Stalin including Poland, Manchuria, Mongolia

Disaster at Yalta

a new permanent world peace organization

United Nations

Summer 1945, planning the final defeat of Japan. Divided Germany into West and East Germany, and West and East Berlin

The Potsdam Conference