Chapter 25 Antihypertensive Drugs Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 25 Antihypertensive Drugs Deck (8)
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1
Q

Centrally acting A2 receptor agonists

A
  • Clonidine
  • Stimulates A2 adrenergic receptors in the brain
  • Decreases NE production and results in decreased BP
2
Q

Peripherally acting A1 receptor blockers

A
  • Prazosin
  • Block A1 adrenergic receptors
  • Results in decreased BP
3
Q

Peripherally acting dual A1 and B receptor blockers

A
  • Carvedilol
  • Reduction in HR from the B1 blockage
  • Vasodilation from the A1 receptor blockage
  • Decreased BP
4
Q

Beta Blockers

A
  • Reduce BP by reducing HR through blockage of B1 adrenergic receptors
  • suffix is olol
5
Q

Adrenergic drugs

A
  • Adverse effects: orthostatic hypotension, syncope, headaches, nausea, constipation, drowsiness
  • Asthma and glucose metabolism issues with B blocker combinations
  • Interact with CNS depressants (alcohol, benzodiazepines, opioids)
6
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A
  • captopril and enalapril
  • suffix pril
  • May be in combination with a thiazide diuretic (coversyl)
  • block angiotensin converting enzyme
  • Cardiovascular effects: prevents the breakdown of bradykin and substance P (potent vasodilators) which decreases SVR/afterload which decreases BP
  • Renal effects: prevents NA+ and H20 reabsorption by inhibiting aldosterone
  • Adverse effects: headache, dizziness, mood changes, hyperkalemia, dry non productive cough, angioedema (bradykin)
  • Contraindicated in pregnancy
  • Catopril and lisinopril are not prodrugs so they should not be used in a patient with liver dysfunction
  • Interactions: NSAIDS reduce effect, lithium toxicity
7
Q

ARBs

A
  • Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers
  • Block vasoconstriction and the release of aldosterone which decreases SRV/afterload
  • Do not cause a dry cough
  • losartan
  • suffix rtan
  • Adverse effects: respiratory infections, headache, dizziness, diarrhea
  • Interactions: lithium toxicity, phenobarbital decrease effect
8
Q

Vasodilators

A
  • Directly relax arteriolar and venous smooth muscles
  • hydralazine hydrochloride, minodixil, nitroprusside
  • Adverse effects: dizziness, headache, anxiety, hypotension,