Chapter 25- Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Question 1

Which is not a plasma component?

a. colloids
b. electrolytes
c. gases
d. glucose
e. platelets

Answer 1

e. platelets

Question 2

Which is the most abundant protein in blood plasma?

a. fibrinogen
b. albumins
c. glubulins
d. immunoglobulins
e. hormones

Answer 2

b. albumins

Question 3

A fragment of megakaryocytic cytoplasm is the:

a. reticulocyte
b. normoblast
c. promyelocyte
d. proerythroblast
e. platelet

Answer 3

e. platelet

Question 4

Mast cell mediators are available to:

a. vascular endothelial cells
b. nerves
c. immune cells
d. a & c are correct
e. a,b,c are correct

Answer 4

e. a,b,c are correct

Question 5

Identify the differentiation pathway in the development of erythrocytes.

a. uncommitted pluripotential stem cell-normoblast-reticuloyte
b. normoblast-reticulocyte-basophalic erythroblast
c. normoblast-committed pro erythroblast-reticulocyte
d. normoblast-basophilic erythroblast-reticulocyte

Answer 5

a. uncommitted pluripotential stem cell-normoblast-reticuloyte

Question 6

A differential count of abcs includes all of the following except:

a. granulocytes
b. agranulocytes
c. reticulocytes
d. monocytes
e. lymphocytes

Answer 6

c. reticulocytes

Question 7

The main regulator of platelet circulating mass is:

a. GP IIb/IIIa complex
b. ADP
c. Thrombopoietin
d. thromboxane

Answer 7

c. Thrombopoietin

Question 8

The normal platelet count/mm^3 of blood is about

a. 4 to 10 X 10^3
b. 50 to 100 X 10 ^3
c. 140 to 340 X 10^3
d. 5 X 10^6
e. 150 to 300 X 10^6

Answer 8

c. 140 to 340 X 10^3

Question 9

The hematocrit is the

a. number of RBCs in plasma
b. aqueous portion of the blood
c. criterion of the blood flow
d. percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood
e. amount of hemoglobin by weight in blood

Answer 9

d. percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood

Question 10

If the total leukocytic count of an individual was 7000/mm, about how many neutrophils would normally be present in a mm of blood?

a. 400
b. 700
c. 2100
d. 3000
e. 4200

Answer 10

e. 4200

Question 11

Which of the granulocyte functions in antibody-mediated defense against parasites

a. lymphocyte
b. monocyte
c. neutrophil
d. eosinophil
e. basophil

Answer 11

d. eosinophil

Question 12

About how many times more RBCs than WBCs are there in a mm of blood

a. 15
b. 90
c. 100
d. 1000
e. none of the above is correct

Answer 12

d. 1000

Question 13

Which is an a granulocyte?

a. basophil
b. lymphocyte
c. neutrophil
d. polymorph

Answer 13

b. lymphocyte

Question 14

Which are the most effective phagocytes

a. neutrophils & basophils
b. lymphocytes and eosinophils
c. basophils and monocytes
d. neutrophils and monocytes
e. none of the above

Answer 14

d. neutrophils and monocytes

Question 15

Erythropoiesis requires vitamins

a. C & E
b. B2 & B12
c. A & D
d. Both a & b
e. A, B, C are correct

Answer 15

d. Both a & b

Question 16

Nitric oxide and prostacyclin

a. inhibit platelet adhesion & aggregation
b. are vasoconstrictions
c. are produced by erythrocytes
d. are sporadically produced

Answer 16

a. inhibit platelet adhesion & aggregation

Question 17

Which test reflects bone marrow activity?

a. reticulocyte count
b. mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
c. mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
d. hematocrit (HCT)

Answer 17

a. reticulocyte count

Question 18

As an individual ages:

a. the erythrocyte lifespan is shortened
b. lymphocytic function decreases
c. platelet numbers decrease
d. all of the above are correct

Answer 18

b. lymphocytic function decreases

Question 19

1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the constituents of blood?
   A. Plasma is composed of 90% dissolved substances and 10% water.
   B. Blood volume in adults is about 6 L.
   C. Plasma accounts for 10% of blood volume.
   D. Plasma and serum are identical.

Answer 19

B. Blood volume in adults is about 6 L.

Question 20

2. Which component of the blood system is responsible for the critical colloid oncotic pressure?
A. Immune globulins
B. Albumin
C. Gamma globulin
D. Clotting factors

Answer 20

B. Albumin

Question 21

3. Which of the following is TRUE regarding Erythrocytes?
   A. They comprise 80% of blood volume.
   B. Erythrocytes are responsible for tissue oxygenation.
   C. They contain ribosomes and mitochondria.
   D. They can synthesize proteins

Answer 21

B. Erythrocytes are responsible for tissue oxygenation.

Question 22

4. Which of the following is NOT a granulocyte?
A. Neutrophil
B. Basophil
C. Eosinophil
D. Monocyte

Answer 22

D. Monocyte

Question 23

5. A person develops a severe urinary tract infection. Which of the following are the predominant cells of early inflammation?
A. Monocyte
B. Neutrophil
C. Basophil
D. Eosinophil

Answer 23

B. Neutrophil

Question 24

6. A student looking at a slide notices large cells with a horseshoe-shaped nucleus and no granules present. Which of the following cells are these?
A. Monocytes
B. Macrophages
C. Lymphocytes
D. Natural killer cells

Answer 24

A. Monocytes

Question 25

7. Which of the following is TRUE regarding platelets? A. They are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments. B. They are formed by clumps of megakaryocytes. C. They have a large nucleus. D. They divide rapidly.

Answer 25

A. They are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments.

Question 26

``` 8. Which of the lymphoid organs cluster around lymphatic veins and collect interstitial fluid from tissues? A. Spleen B. Bone marrow C. Lymph nodes D. Thymus ```

Answer 26

C. Lymph nodes

Question 27

``` 9. Which of the following is NOT one of the four processes of platelet activation? A. Adhesion B. Aggregation C. Secretion D. Inhibition ```

Answer 27

D. Inhibition

Question 28

``` 10. Which of the following is responsible for lysis or the breakdown of blood clots? A. Nitric oxide B. Tissue factor C. Antithrombin III D. Fibrinolytic system ```

Answer 28

D. Fibrinolytic system

Question 29

``` Match the colony-stimulating factor with the cells that are stimulated. IL-3 a. erythrocyte b. pluripotent stem cell c.macrophage, fibroblast, neutrophil d. normoblast e. erythroblast ```

Answer 29

b. pluripotent stem cell

Question 30

``` Match the colony-stimulating factor with the cells that are stimulated. G-CSF a. erythrocyte b. pluripotent stem cell c.macrophage, fibroblast, neutrophil d. normoblast e. erythroblast ```

Answer 30

c.macrophage, fibroblast, neutrophil

Question 31

In the coagulation cascade, _______ is the primary cellular initiator of blood coagulation at the injury/wound site.

Answer 31

tissue factor

Question 32

After the vessel injury, the ______ complex leads to platelet activation and fibrin deposition.

Answer 32

TF-FVIIa

Question 33

In the fibrinolytic system, _____ is released from perturbed endothelial cells near the site of vascular injury and converts plasminogen to plasmin.

Answer 33

tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)

Question 34

Both t-PA and plasminogen bind to _______, causing plasmin generation and localized ________.

Answer 34

fibrin, fibrinolysis