Chapter 25.3 and 25.4

Question 1

what is the boundary that marks the density change between layers?

Answer 1

discontinuity

Question 2

how are discontinuities identified?

Answer 2

by using seismic waves

Question 3

what are shadow zones?

Answer 3

areas where seismic waves aren’t recorded

Question 4

what’s another term or name for shadow zones?

Answer 4

dead zones

Question 5

between which degree ranges do shadow zones fall?

Answer 5

105 degrees to 140 degrees

Question 6

is the outer core a liquid or a solid?

Answer 6

a liquid

Question 7

is the inner core a solid or a liquid?

Answer 7

a solid

Question 8

why is the inner core a solid?

Answer 8

it’s solid because of pressure

Question 9

what makes up the lithosphere?

Answer 9

the crust and the uppermost mantle

Question 10

what is the asthenosphere?

Answer 10

plastic-like layer which earth’s plates move on

Question 11

which elements make up the mantle?

Answer 11

calcium, aluminum, iron, magnesium

Question 12

what elements make up the core?

Answer 12

iron and nickel

Question 13

viscosity

Answer 13

the measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow

Question 14

silica

Answer 14

the chemical compound silicone dioxide, which is a common ingredient in most magma

Question 15

cinder cone volcanoes

Answer 15

small volcanoes that have heights in the hundreds of meters range, and have short eruption cycles

Question 16

shield volcanoes

Answer 16

broad volcanoes that are flat structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flows

Question 17

composite volcanoes

Answer 17

large and steep-sided volcanoes, often thousands of meters high and tens of kilometers across the base, and composed of layers of both lava and ash

Question 18

what is molten or liquid rock stored inside Earth called?

Answer 18

magma

Question 19

where is the ring of fire located?

Answer 19

the Pacific Ocean

Question 20

which two specific locations have volcanic activity due to divergents?

Answer 20

Mid Atlantic Ridge and the East African Rift

Question 21

are hotspots stationary?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

what can hotspots create?

Answer 22

islands (hawaiin islands)

Question 23

if the viscosity is higher, will the fluid flow more quickly or more slowly?

Answer 23

more slowly

Question 24

if magma has a high viscosity, will it contain more or less silica?

Answer 24

more silica

Question 25

what is pyroclastic material?

Answer 25

any solid material that erupts from a volcano

Question 26

what is the smallest type of pyroclastic material?

Answer 26

volcanic ash

Question 27

what is the largest type of pyroclastic material?

Answer 27

volcanic blocks and bombs

Question 28

what gases do volcanoes erupt?

Answer 28

water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide

Question 29

what two substamces mix to reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth?

Answer 29

sulfur oxide and water

Question 30

what two components affect the way a volcano erupts?

Answer 30

magma composition and velocity

Question 31

what is eruptive style strongly linked to?

Answer 31

temperature and composition

Question 32

how are volcnaoes classified?

Answer 32

by their size, shape, and the materials that erupt form them

Question 33

what do cinder cone volcanoes erupt?

Answer 33

high temperature, gas rich, balsatic lava

Question 34

what do shield volcanoes erupt?

Answer 34

high temperature, low viscosity, basaltiv lava

Question 35

what are the three types of volcanoes?

Answer 35

cinder cone volcanoes, shield volcanoes, and composite volcanoes