Chapter 26 Flashcards
This is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species
phylogeny
this discipline classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships
systematics
what data do systematists use
fossil, molecular, and genetic data
this is the ordered division and naming of organisms
taxonomy
what are the two parts of a scientific name for an organisms
Genus species
what are taxonomic groups from broad to narrow
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
this is a sequence of ancestral organisms leading to a particular descendant taxon
evolutionary lineage
these are groups in a phylogenetic tree that share an immediate common ancestor
sister taxa
organisms with ______ or ______ are likely to be more closely related
similar morphologies or DNA sequences
this is a similarity due to shared ancestry
homology
this is a similarity due to convergent evolution
analogy
how can homology be distinguished from analogy
by comparing fossil evidence and the degree of complexity - the more complex two similar structures, the more likely they are homologous
this uses DNA and other molecular date to determine evolutionary relationships
molecular systematics
this is a group of species that includes and ancestral species and all its descendants
clade
all clades are _______, signifying that it consists of the ancestor species and all its descendants
monophyletic
a ________ grouping consists of an ancestral species and some of the descendants
paraphyletic
this grouping consists of various species that lack a common ancestor
polyphyletic
this is a character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon
shared ancestral character
this is an evolutionary novelty unique to a particular clade
shared derived character
this assumes that the tree that requires the fewest evolutionary events is the most likely
maximum parsimony
this principle states that given certain rules about how DNA changes over time, a tree can be found that reflects the most likely sequence of evolutionary events
maximum likelihood
this predicts features of an ancestor from features of its descendants
phylogenetic bracketing
