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History > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the estate near Washington, D.C., where more concrete plants for a United Nations organization were drawn up in the fall of 1944?

A

Dumbarton Oaks

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2
Q

Where were some 50 nations gathered to draft a charter for the United Nations?

A

San Francisco

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3
Q

When did the 50 nations in San Francisco gather together to draft a charter?

A

1945

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4
Q

Where was the first official meeting of the UN General Assembly?

A

London

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5
Q

Where is the UN’s permanent headquarters?

A

New York City

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6
Q

What are the three major organs of the United Nations?

A

1) the General Assembly
2) the Security Council
3) the Secretariat

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7
Q

Which of the three major organs of the United Nations was composed of all member states in the United Nations?

A

General Assembly

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8
Q

Which of the three major organs of the United Nations was made of the five permanent members and the ten elected members of the United Nations?

A

Security Council

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9
Q

Which of the three major organs of the United Nations was composed of the secretary-general and his under-secretaries?

A

Security Council

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10
Q

How did the United Nations aid in the spread of Communsim?

A

by doing nothing about it

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11
Q

Who were two Communists who were involved in the founding of the UN?

A

Andrei Gromyko and Alger Hiss

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12
Q

What was a war fought not with military weapons but with words, diplomacy, and ideology?

A

Cold War

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13
Q

What were nations led by the United States called?

A

“free world” countries

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14
Q

What were nations led by the Soviet Union called?

A

“Communist bloc”

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15
Q

What were the nations that stood between the two antagonists and included many emerging nations in Africa, Asia, and South America?

A

“third World” nations

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16
Q

What were nations supposedly independent but technically under the dominance of another?

A

satellite nations

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17
Q

Who were the two Americans convicted and executed because they passes nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union?

A

Julius and Ethel Rosenburg

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18
Q

Who was the director of Britian’s nuclear research program who was convicted of supplying Moscow with a top-secret trigger mechanism that would detonate the atomic bomb?

A

Klaus Fuchs

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19
Q

Who exposed much Communist activity in the State Department, but many of his conclusions, although technically unprovable, were drawn from the accumulation of undisputed facts?

A

Joseph P. McCarthy

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20
Q

What were Soviet-controlled puppet governments called?

A

people’s republic

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21
Q

What was the term coined by Winston Churchill to describe the oppression and tyranny having descended upon the nations of Eastern Europe?

A

Iron Curtain

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22
Q

What was the policy which stated that the United States would aid any free nations to resist Communist aggression?

A

containment

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23
Q

What was the containment policy better known as?

A

Truman Doctrine

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24
Q

What was the plan that extended credits amounting to $20 billion over the next four years in the name of providing a bulwark against further Communists expansion in Europe?

A

Marshall Plan

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25
What two countries in particular was the Truman Doctrine to help?
Greece and Turkey
26
What was the event when American planes came to the beleaguered city of Berlin's rescue of Berlin's rescue by bringing food, medicine, fuel, and other necessities?
Berlin Airlift
27
When did the Berlin Airlift take place?
the winter of 1948-1949
28
What was the association of countries formed by the North American Treaty?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
29
What was the treaty that formed as association of countries and delineated a security area in the North Atlantic and Western Europe?
North Atlantic Treaty
30
What was the Russian alliance formed to counter NATO?
Warsaw Pact
31
What was the alliance formed by the countries of Western Europe?
European Economic Community
32
Who emerged as the new leader of Russia after the death of Joseph Stalin?
Nikita Khrushchev
33
What year was the North Atlantic Treaty signed?
1949
34
What did Khrushchev call for after giving the world false hope that the danger of Communism had decreased?
peaceful coexistence
35
When did Joseph Stalin die?
1953
36
Who was the dictator of Yugoslavia who established his own brand of Communism outside the Soviet sphere of control?
Marchal Tito
37
What was the symbol of Soviet oppression in Eastern Europe?
Berlin Wall
38
When was the Berlin Wall built?
1961
39
Who was the first supreme commander of NATO?
General Eisenhower
40
Who was the chancellor of West Germany who provided the leadership necessary to recover from its wartime defeat?
Konrad Adenauer
41
Who were the three Conservative prime minister in Britain who improved the British industry and defense during the 1950s and early 1960s?
Winston Churchill, Anthony Eden, and Harod Macmillian
42
What was established prior to World War II and was looked to by several British colonies and possessions?
British Commonwealth of Nations
43
What type of people controlled one of France's largest political parties and chief labor unions following World War II?
Communists
44
Who helped establish the Fifth French Republic?
Charles de Gaulle
45
Who was the leader of the Socialist Party who became president of France after De Gaulle's death?
François Mitterrand
46
Who was the conservative statesman who led Italy to a slow recovery following World War II?
Aleide De Gasperi
47
What was the Communist terrorist organization in Italy who had kidnapped and murdered Italian premier Aldo Maro?
Red Brigades
48
Who was Francisco Franco's successor who encourages moderation and democratic rule during periods of unrest?
Juan Carlos
49
After World War II, what type of government did the Scandinavian nations adopt?
socialist
50
Who was the leader of the Chinese Nationalists?
Chiang Kai-shek
51
Who was the leader of the Chines Communists?
Mao Tse-tung
52
Who was the American general who imposed an embargo on the Nationalists after visiting China in 1945?
George C Marshall
53
What was the tiny island where about 2 million Nationalists soldiers with their families were forced to flee?
Taiwan
54
When did the Nationalists flee to Taiwan?
1949
55
What was the government established by Mao Tse-tung after Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan?
People's Republic of China
56
Why did the world's most populous nation become overrun by Communism?
because the United States had deserted a friend in need
57
What was launched by Mao Tse-tung which resulted in China's industrial output at the rapid rate of about 15% a year from 1953 to 1957?
Five-Year Plan
58
What was China's second Five-Year Plan called?
Great Leap Forward
59
What was launched to purge China of all "counter revolutionaries" and foreign influences?
Cultural Revolution
60
What were gangs formed by young people that filled the street with noise demonstrations, marches, and protests?
Red Guards
61
Who emerges as Communist China's most powerful leader after Mao's death?
Deng Xaiopng
62
What is the death toll of Mao's regime placed by Conservative estimates?
40 million people
63
Who was the leader of the Communist puppet government in North Korea?
Ken Il Sung
64
Who was the first president of the Republic of Korea un 1948?
Syngman Rhee
65
Along what parallel was Korea divided on, separating two separate governments on the Korea Peninsula?
38th parallel
66
What was the war from 1950 to 1953 that began when North Korean troops blasted their way through the 38th parallel and invaded South Korea?
Korean War
67
Who was the general names supreme commander of the United States and United Nation's forces?
General Douglas MacArthur
68
What was the southeast corner of the Korean Peninsula where Americans and South Koreans were forced to withdraw?
Pusan Perimeter
69
Where did General MacArthur surprise the world by landing troops here?
Inchon
70
Who shocked the nation by abruptly removing General MacArthur from command?
President Truman
71
What refers to the use of all available relating strength to win a complete victory?
limited warfare
72
When did the Korean War end?
1953
73
Who was the dictator o Cuba under whom Cuba prospered economically because of close ties to the United States?
Fulgencio Batista
74
Who was the young Cuban lawyer with a record of violence and revolutionary activity who organized the "26th of July Movement"?
Fidel Castro
75
What was the movement named after Castro's aborted attempt to seize the Cuban govenment?
26th of July Movement
76
Who was the president of the United States who decided to allow the plan to invade Cuba continue on the limited basis of air support?
John F. Kennedy
77
What was the bay in Cuba where some 1900 Cuban forces and fighters invaded Cuba but where brutally curshed?
Bay of Pigs
78
When did Castro openly declare that Cuba was a communist structured government and that there would be no more elections?
1961
79
What was it called when the Soviets began to import missiles to Cuba?
Cuban Missile Crisis
80
What was the group of Communist revolutionaries in Nicaragua who overthrew President Somoza?
Sandinistas
81
Who was the Nicaraguan president who was overthrown by the Sandinistas?
Somoza
82
Who was the Argentinian colonel who led a successful military overthrow of the government by pursuing a socialist program and nationalized many businesses?
Juan Peron
83
Who was the first woman to head a government in the Western hemisphere?
Isabel Peron
84
Who was the Communist candidate who became president of Chile by popular vote?
Salvador Allende
85
Who was the leader of the coup in Chile who broke off relations with Cuba and made efforts to let free market economic forces work?
Augusto Pinochet
86
What are the two main reasons why the Middle East plays a vital part in world affairs today?
1) because much of the world's known oil reserves are located there 2) the tension between the Jews and the Arabs
87
What are a government issued declaration which supports a national Jewish homeland in Palestine for the Jewish Zionists?
Belfour Declaration
88
Who were those who advocated a Jewish national state?
Zionists
89
Who was the first president of Israel?
Chaim Weizmann
90
Who was the first prime minister of Israel?
David Ben-Gurion
91
What is an action taken beforehand to check another nation's action?
preemptive strike
92
What was the war in which Israeli forces repulsed Egyptian and Syrian assaults in fierce battles but lost many people?
Yom Kippur War
93
What was formed as a monopoly designed to control the supply and price of oil?
OPEC
94
What was the first time in 2000 years that the Jews and Arabs sat down together and negotiated a peace treaty?
Camp David Accords
95
Who was the Israeli president present at the Camp David Accords?
Menachem Begin
96
Who was the Egyptian president at the Camp David Accords?
Anwar el-Sadat
97
What was the organization whose purpose was to establish a Palestinian state in Israel?
PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)
98
Who was the leader of the PLO?
Yassir Arafat
99
Who was a staunch ally of the United States who was Iran's anti-Communist ruler?
Mohammed Pahlavi
100
What was the nickname for Mohammed Pahlavi?
the Shah
101
Who was Iran's new totalitarian Muslim ruler who captured the US embassy in Tehran?
Ruhollah Khomeini
102
Who was the dictator of Iraq who launched an attack on Iran?
Saddam Hussein
103
Who were the two leaders who advocated civil disobedience against the British government of India as a means of achieving their goals?
Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru
104
When did India become an independent nation?
1947
105
Who was the prime minister from 1966 to 1977 and 1980 in India until her assassination?
Indira Gandhi
106
Who was Indira Gandhi's son who became prime minister but was removed from office on charges of corruption?
Rajiv Gandhi
107
What was the first African nation south of the Sahara to gain independece?
Ghana
108
Who was Ghana's prime minister who quickly became the idol of African nationalists?
Kwame Nkrumah
109
What did the Belgian Congo become known as once it gained its independence?
Republic of the Congo
110
Who was the pro-Communist premier of the Republic of the Congo?
Patrice Lumumba
111
Who was the American medical missionary who was killed in the Republic of the Congo?
Dr. Pau. Carlson
112
What was the Republic of the Congo renamed?
Zaire
113
What nation gained its independence from France in 1962, following a Communist-provoked guerilla war?
Algeria
114
What nation declared independence in 1967 and was recognized as the leader of black African nations?
Nigeria
115
What are the two oldest African independent states?
Liberia and Ethiopia
116
Who was the Libyan dictator who helped support Idi Amin?
Muammar al-Qaddafi
117
Who seized power in Uganda and killed and tortured as many as 300,000 people?
Idi Amin
118
Who was the last Ethiopian monarch?
Haile Selassie I
119
What was South Africa's policy of racial segregation?
apartheid
120
What was the black nationalist group that fanned the flames of revolution?
African National Congress

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