Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology II > Chapter 26 & 32: Seed Plants > Flashcards

Chapter 26 & 32: Seed Plants Flashcards

(82 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Life Cycle of a Conifer: The conifer tree is _____ and is _____ .

A

sporophyte (2n), monoecious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Life Cycle of a Conifer: Heterosporous produces what two things?

A
  • microsporangia produce male microspores
  • megasporangia produce female megaspores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Life Cycle of a Conifer: Microsporangia are located on ______.

A

male pollen cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Life Cycle of a Conifer: Microsporocytes are ______ cells within the _______.

A

diploid (2n), microsporangium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Microsporocytes produce _____ microspores via _____.

A

haploid, meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The microsporophytes’s microspores undergo _____ to produce the male gametophyte, _____.

A

mitosis, pollen grand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pollen is surrounded by ______.

A

sporopollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pollen undergoes_____ to produce two ____ cells.

A

mitosis, haploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The generative cell undergoes mitosis to produce _____
sperm cells
The pollen tube cell undergoes mitosis to produce the _______.

A

haploid, pollen tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gymnosperm Male Gametophyte: Male pollen cone contains…

A

microsporangia (plural),
microsporangium (singular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Microsporangia are _____ (2n) and
contain _________.

A

Diploid, microsporophytes.
- Diploid cells that divide via meiosis to
produce 4 haploid microspores which each turn into pollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Each pollen grain contains two
haploid cells which are?

A

Pollen tube cell and generative cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Life Cycle of a Conifer: Megasporangia are located on______.

A

female ovulate cones
- are diploid and contain megasporocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Life Cycle of a Conifer: Megasporocytes are _____(2n) cells within the ______.

A

diploid, megasporangium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Megasporophyctes produces ____ haploid cells via _____. only one surives to become the megaspore which becomes the female gametophyte which produces the _____ that produces a haploid cell which produces an egg via mitosis.

A

4, meiosis, archegonium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gymnosperm Female Gametophyte: When the pollen grain lands at the base of the female scale, the _______ cell germinates, creating a pollen tube, towards the female gametophyte

A

haploid pollen tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Conifer Fertilization: As the pollen tube grows, the _______ (in the pollen) undergoes mitosis to produce two haploid sperm

A

haploid generative cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Conifer Fertilization: One of the haploid sperm will ___ with the haploid egg

A

fuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Conifer Fertilization: The resulting ______ will divide via _____ to become the seed* It is enclosed in a seed coat from sporophyte tissue.

A

diploid embryo, mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Conifer Fertilization: The seed contains three generations of tissue: (this process takes 2 years)

A
  • Seed coat from the sporophyte
  • Nutritive tissue from the gametophyte
  • Embryo tissue (the new sporophyte)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Angiosperm are ______ plant group.

A

dominant terrestial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are angiosperm’s two novel adaptions?

A
  • Flowers
  • Ensures pollination and protects embryo (seed)
  • Fruit
  • Embryo (seed) protection and dispersal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Angiosperms can be _____ or ______.

A

monoecious, dioecious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Angiosperm pollination is possible by ___,___,____.

A

wind, insects, mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Vessel cells in ____ tissue.
xylem, More efficient than tracheids at conducting water
26
Angiosperm Flowers have Modified leaves organized around a ____.
central recepticle.
27
main anatomy of a flower are the______.
petals, carpals, stamen, and sepals
28
Sepals on the flower are ______.
photosynthetic
29
_____ is called gynoecium, female sex organ * Stigma, style, ovary
Carpal
30
_____ is called androecium, male sex organ * Anther, filament
Stamen
31
Perfect flower have ____ and ____ making them Monoecious.
carpals, stamen
32
Imperfect flowers have ____ OR _____ making them ______.
carpals, stamen, dioecious
33
The ______ is the innermost part of the flower where the egg will form in the carpel.
gynoecium
34
Gynoecium: Plants can have one or more ______.
carpal
35
Each carpel consists of a ____, __, and ___
stigma, style, and ovary
36
Stigma is where the _____ is deposited.
pollen
37
_____ is the tube through which the pollen tube will grow.
Style
38
The _____ contains one or more ovules * Megasporangia * Each will eventually develop into a seed
ovary
39
The ___ are the stamen.
androecium
40
Stamen consist of ____ and ____.
filament, anther
41
The ____ is the thin stalk that supports the anther
filament
42
The _____ is sac-like structure where microsporangia are located * They will produce _____ which will develop into pollen grains
anther, microspores
43
Life Cycle of an Angiosperm:Pollen production: The plant is the sporophyte (2n) is _____ so, microsporangia produce male microspores and megasporangia produce female megaspores
heterosporous
44
Which heterosporous is located in the anther?
Microsporangia
45
Microsporocytes are diploid (2n) cells within the microsporangium * Produce haploid microspores via meiosis * The microspore undergoes mitosis to produce the male gametophyte, also called pollen * Pollen grains have 2 haploid cells surrounded by sporopollenin * 1 cell becomes the pollen tube cell * 1 cell divides via mitosis to form two haploid sperm
- 1 cell becomes the pollen tube cell - 1 cell divides via mitosis to form two haploid sperm
46
Male flower is the ______ * Filament and anther * Anther contains microsporangia
stamen
47
Conifer Fertilization:The resulting ______ will divide via _____ to become the seed* It is enclosed in a seed coat from sporophyte tissue.
diploid embryo, mitosis
48
Microsporangia are diploid (2n) and contain microsporocytes * Diploid cells that divide via meiosis to produce haploid (n) microspores * Each microspore “______” via mitosis to become the__ gametophyte * Pollen
germinates, male
49
Angiosperm Male Gametophyte: Each pollen grain contains two haploid cells which are?
Pollen tube cell and generative cell
50
Life Cycle of an Angiosperm: Egg production
The plant is the sporophyte (2n) * Megasporangia are located in the ovule * Megasporocytes are diploid (2n) cells within the megasporangium * Produce 4 haploid megaspores via meiosis * Only the largest one survives to become the female gametophyte
51
Life Cycle of an Angiosperm: Egg production: As the megasporocytes produces 4 haploid megaspores via meiosis, it divides three times via ___ to produce ____ nuclei distributed among seven cells
mitosis, eight
52
_____cells are located at each pole of the _____ (this accounts for 6 of the 7 cells) * Three cells at one pole become the ___ and ______ (helper cells) * Three cells at the other pole become _____. * The center cell contains two nuclei (polar nuclei), will become _____.
- Three, embryo sac, - egg, 2 synergids - antipodal cells - endosperm
53
So, the mature embryo sac contains:
1 egg, 2 synergids, 3 antipodal cells that degenerate, and a central cell with 2 nuclei
54
Angiosperm Female Gametophyte: Megaspore divides 3 times via mitosis but without cytokinesis each time to produce 7 cells with 8 nuclei. What are the 7 cells?
* 3 cells migrate to the top pole and become antipodal cells * 3 cells migrate to bottom pole and become the egg and 2 synergids * The center cell contains 2 nuclei, called polar nuclei
55
Life Cycle of an Angiosperm: Double Fertilization: When pollen attaches to the ____, the pollen tube cell _____ from the pollen grain down through the style, and enters the ovule through the ______.
Stigma, germinates, micropyle.
56
Generative cell divides to create two haploid sperm, how do they travel?
They travel down the pollen tube and are deposited in the embryo sac.
57
Double fertilization occurs where?
* 1 sperm and the egg fuse to form the diploid zygote (embryo seed) * 1 sperm fuses with the polar nuclei cell to form a triploid cell that will become the endosperm * Nutritive tissue for the embryo
58
Life Cycle of an Angiosperm: The seed: The embryo seed develops to form a _____ (root) and either one or two leaf-like structures called _____.
radicle, cotyledons
59
The seed itself has a tough outer layer called the _____, the _____ food reserves for the embryo, and the embryo.
seed coat, endosperm
60
Fruits are adaptations for ______.
seed dispersal
61
Plants have two types of pollination
- Self-pollination * Transfer of pollen from male to female on same plant * Gymnosperms: male cone to female cone on same tree * Angiosperms: male flower to female flower on same plant - Cross-pollination * Transfer of pollen from male of one plant to female of a different plant
62
Gymnosperms have only ____ pollination
wind
63
Angiosperms have _____.
- Wind pollination * Insect pollination * Bird pollination * Bat pollination
64
Many root/stem modifications are for asexual reproduction such as
* Bulbs - lily * Tubers - potato * Corms - garlic * Rhizomes/stolons – ginger, strawberries
65
Diversity of Angiosperms: One phylum, Anthophyta which makes this
monophyletic
66
Diversity of Angiosperms: Three major groups:
* Basal angiosperms (not going to cover these) * Monocots * Eudicots
67
Diversity of Angiosperms: Monocots and Eudicots have differences in:
* Number of cotyledons * Type of flowers * Leaf venation * Type of roots * Location of vascular bundles * Vascular bundle: transport tissue structure with both xylem and phloem conductive tissue present * Type of structural tissue
68
Monocots: One cotyledon is the
First leaf in seedling
69
Monocot flower parts are always in symmetry of ____
3 or 6
70
Monocot leaf _____ is parallel along the length of the leaf. Multiple, fibrous roots
Venation
71
Monocot Vascular bundles are ___ and are organized in a _______.
scattered in stem, ring in root
72
Monocot Woody tissue is ______ – ______ do not have secondary xylem.
secondary xylem, monocots
73
monocot plant examples:
Grasses, palms, rice, corn, banana, etc.
74
Eudicots: two cotyledon is the
first seedling
75
Eudicots flower parts are in symmetry of __ or ___.
4, 5
76
Eudicots leaf venation is ______.
networked
77
Eudicot one main tap root with smaller _______.
fibrous roots attached
78
Eudicot vascular bundles are organized in a _______.
ring in stem & root
79
Eudicot can have woody tissue, woody tissue is secondary xylem – eudicots can have _______ (wood)
secondary xylem
80
______ of all angiosperms are eudicots.
Two-thirds
81
Examples of Eudicots
* Apples, beans, oaks, roses, etc.
82
____ of human diet is dependent upon seed plants
90%

Biology II (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions