Chapter 26 Phylogeny

Question 1

What is central goal in phylogeny?

Answer 1

to organize and understand information around us: from a biological context…

Question 2

What was Carolus Linnaeus goal?

Answer 2

Comprehend God’s design in nature. convinced could organize all of life into single nested binomial naming system -> Systema Naturae

Question 3

What is taxonomy?

Answer 3

Identifying & naming species, placing species into hierarchical classifications that reflect their morphological (phenotypic) similarity to each other (i.e., morphological species).

Question 4

What does taxonomic classifcations NOT imply?

Answer 4

do not imply evolutionary relatedness

Question 5

What is paraphyletic?

Answer 5

group of organisms includes a common ancestor - some descendants

Question 6

What is systematics?

Answer 6

the discipline focused on classifying organisms according to their evolutionary relationship, their phylogeny

Question 7

What is phylogenetic tree?

Answer 7

a hypothesis of the evolutionary relationship for of a species/ group of species

Question 8

What is cladistics?

Answer 8

the building of a phylogenetic tree

Question 9

Difference between cladogram and phylogram?

Answer 9

cladogram: time-independent
phylogram: time-dependent

Question 10

What is the principal of maximum parsimony?

Answer 10

Maximum parsimony is the idea that the simplest explanation—the one that requires the fewest evolutionary changes—is most likely to be correct.