Chapter 27 Flashcards
(31 cards)
1
Q
Monarchies
A
Countries ruled by a king or queen
2
Q
Circuit Judges
A
Judges who travel throughout a country
3
Q
Grand Jury
A
Jury that examines accusations and advises criminal charges
4
Q
Trial Jury
A
Group of people that decide wether a person accused of crime is innocent or guilty
5
Q
Dauphin
A
Eldest son of the king in France
6
Q
Diet
A
Assembly
7
Q
Corregidores
A
Spanish royal officials
8
Q
Name the 4 French rulers in order
A
- Hugh Capet
- Louis VI (Louis the Fat) 6
- Philip II (Philip Augustus)
- Louis IX (9)
- Philip IV (Philip the Fair) (4)
9
Q
Hugh Capet
A
- 987-996
- Founder of the Capetian Dynasty and the 1st king fr the Capetian family.
- He only rules a small part of France.
- He makes the city his power center, which will begin a long process of exerting control over the country
- The beginning of “modern” France begins with his coronation.
10
Q
Louis VI (Louis the Fat) 6
A
- 1108-1137
- 5th king in the Capetian Dynasty
- Good fighter and hunter
- Appeals to the working class by granting charters to many towns
- Spends most of his reign fighting feudal landowners and nobles–able to expand territory
- Establishes good relationships with the Church and encourages Church reform
11
Q
Philip II (Philip Augustus)
A
- French ruler; 1180-1223
- Seventh King in the Capetian Dynasty
- Made Paris the center of government
- Increased the size of his kingdom, and made the crown more powerful. Won back land for France
- Makes civil service based on competency rather than hereditary right.
- Contributed to growth of towns–charters. Roads paved with stone
- Philip’s death-France is prosperous and peaceful. France is the strongest power in Western Europe
12
Q
Louis IX (9)
A
- 1226-1270
- Philip’s grandson-becomes king at age 12!
- Age 21 officially becomes king-realizes kingship not about conquering others or exploiting them, but to serve the Church and lead his people to salvation
- Deeply religious-works to keep justice and peace
- Issued ordinances, moral codes, series of coinage, set up a royal court, banned gambling and blasphemy
- Known for his compassion-founded and built abbeys, convents, hospitals
13
Q
Philip IV (Philip the Fair)
A
- 1285-1314
- Louis’s grandson
- Strengthened the French monarchy and increased royal revenues
- Taxed the clergy, went after the Knights Templar, the wealthiest and most powerful Christian military orders
- Cruel and harsh leader. Interests of the state come first. Took coinage for his own use, replaced with coins of lesser value
- Forms the Estates General, a legislative assembly of nobles, clergy, and townspeople
14
Q
Edward the Confessor
A
- Born in Oxfordshire, England in 1003
- Deeply religious-gets the nickname “The Confessor”
- Becomes king in 1042
- Helps to build Westminster Abbey in England
- Most of his reign is peaceful. Trade and finance are good
- No Children!!
15
Q
Harold Godwinson
A
- By Edward as he dies, next day is appointed King
- Skilled military leader and a strong monarch
- Short and turbulent rule will not last long
- Most impactful for his involvement in the Battle of Hastings
16
Q
William the Conquerer (William of Normandy)
A
- Born in 1028 in Normandy, France
- Illegitimate child of Robert, Duke of Normandy
- At age 8 he will become Duke of Normandy, at 14 he will become a knight. He is illiterate
- Problem: Edward promised William would succeed him
- Harold becomes king. William angry and will invade England and enforce his claim to the throne.
- With Harold killed, no one stands in William’s way
- Christmas Day 1066, William crowned King. Will rule for 21 years until his death in 1087.
- As king: Faces English resistance. Introduces feudalism. Will take English land and divide it amongst Norman nobles.
- Nobles promise William loyalty and service
- William keeps many English laws and practices, while bring Norman culture and tradition to England
17
Q
What is the Domesday Book?
A
Census, and survey of land (taxes)
18
Q
Bayeux Tapestry (Whose point of view was it in)
A
- Embroidered cloth 70 meters long, made of linen
- Depicts the Norman conquest of England between William and Harold
- Told from Norman point of view
- Ordered by Bishop Odo
19
Q
Magna Carta
A
- Magna Carta was an agreement between the nobles and the monarch.
- Which means “Great Charter” in Latin.
Magna Carta only protected the rights and privileges of nobles.
But it also limited the power of the king and ended the idea of rule by divine right.
However, as time passed, the English came to regard it as the beginning of people’s rights and liberties that would lead to democracy.
20
Q
Hundred Years War.
Who? When? What? Why?
A
Who: France and England
When: 1337-1453
What? A series of short raids and expeditions with some major battles. Not fighting every day for 116 years (ex: Black Death)
Why?
(1) Disputes between France and England have been ongoing
(2) King Edward III, England, claimed he was the rightful king of France
(3) French select Philip VI as King. Edward is upset—invades France, burns crops, destroys cities.
21
Q
Hundred Years War French Advantages.
A
French Advantages:
- Population– about 16 million
- Far richer and more populous than England.
- At one point, the French fielded an army of over 50,000. Whereas generally, Britain mustered only 32,000.
22
Q
Democracy
A
Rule by the people
23
Q
British Advantages
A
- Weapons Technologies
- In almost every engagement, the English were outnumbered.
So, Britain must come up with strategies: - Avoid prolonged battles. Engage in quick, profitable raids Steal and destroy what you can. Capture enemies for ransom
24
Q
Modern Technology
A
- The use of the English defensive position was the use of the longbow.
- Its arrows had more penetrating power than a bolt from a crossbow.
- Could pierce an inch of wood or the armor of a knight at 200 yards!
- A longbow could be fired more rapidly.
- 6 arrows per minute
25
Battle of Agincourt
When: 1415
Where: Northern France
Henry V (England) vs Charles VI (France)
ENG: 11,000 FR 30,000
* Fought in small space=disadvantage to French. Knights weighed down by armor, decreased mobility
* English victory, cripples France-end of chivalry-Edward at his peak
26
Hapsburgs
IDK
27
Spanish Inquisitions
Established in 1478 by Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella with the goal of maintaining Catholic faith and ending heresy.
Why the need for the Inquisition?
To establish political and religious unity
Weaken opposition to Catholic Monarchies
Economic and Political
Those who convert to Christianity become known as Conversos.
1478-Alonso de Hojeda-report to king and queen-conversos were not genuine-false converts
Pope is critical of Inquisition-Ferdinand goes through with it anyway
28
Joan of Ark
Died at age 18. Burned on the stake for with craft 2x.
29
What does Auto da fe:
It is an act of faith. Those convicted had to give a penance and were executed
30
What are the symbols (3) of the Spanish Inquisition
Symbols: Cross, Branch, and Sword
31
How long did the Inquisition last
300 Years.
