Chapter 27

Question 1

In 1933, president Roosevelt confronted three major challenges:

Answer 1

1. Reviving economy
2. Relieving widespread human misery
3. Rescuing farm sector

Question 2

Roosevelt and advisors had three step strategy to revive economy

Answer 2

1. Provide short term relief for jobless
2. Increase federal spending, cooperative agreements between management and organized labor
3. Paid farmers to reduce size of crops

Question 3

Emergency Banking Relief Act

Answer 3

Under Roosevelt

Permitted sound banks to reopen and appointed managers of those still in trouble

Question 4

Economy Act

Answer 4

Under Roosevelt

Granted executive branch the power to cut government workers salaries

Question 5

Beer-Wine Act

Answer 5

Amended the Volsted Act to permit the sale of beverages with an alcohol content of 3.2 percent or less

Question 6

21st Amendment

Answer 6

Ended prohibition

Question 7

First New Deal

Answer 7

Lasted from 1933-1935

Addressed acute debt problem faced by farmers and homeowners

Question 8

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Answer 8

Guaranteed personal bank deposits up to $5000

Question 9

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Answer 9

Provide jobs to unemployed married men 18-25. Worked on roads bridges campgrounds etc.

Question 10

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

Answer 10

Federal money went to states in grants as opposed to loans

Question 11

Civil Works Administration (CWA)

Answer 11

Provided federal jobs, after the programs cost went to $1 billion Roosevelt dissolved the administration

Question 12

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

Answer 12

(1933) paid farmers to reduce production

Question 13

United States v. Butler

Answer 13

United States declared the AAA’s tax on food processors unconstitutional

Question 14

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

Answer 14

Two parts: dealt with economic recovery and public works projects. The Public Works Administration (PWA) granted $3.3 billion for new government buildings, highway construction, etc.

Question 15

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Answer 15

Headed by Hugh Johnson.

1. Codes that set wages and prices
2. Provided jobs, defined workplace standards and raising wages

Question 16

Labor standards featured in every code:

Answer 16

40 hour workweek
Minimum weekly wage if $13
Prohibited child labor

Question 17

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Answer 17

Brought electrical power, flood control, and jobs to poorest regions in the nation.

Question 18

Dust bowl refugees known as…

Answer 18

Okies or Arkies

Question 19

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Answer 19

Headed by John Collier. His primary objective was the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act.

Question 20

Alfred E. Smith and John W. Davis

Answer 20

Helped to form the American Liberty league which opposed New Deal measures

Question 21

Huey Long

Answer 21

Had the “Share the Wealth”

Philosophy

Question 22

Francis Townsend

Answer 22

Townsend Recovery Plan would pay $200 a month to every citizen over 60.

Question 23

Father Coughlin

Answer 23

The “radio priest” founded the National Union for Social Justice. Viewed the New Deal as a communist scheme wanted to return to populist ideals.

Question 24

Emergency Relief Appropriation Act

Answer 24

Roosevelt called it the “big bill” included many programs such as the Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Question 25

National Labor Relations Act (or the Wagner Act)

Answer 25

Guaranteed workers the right to form unions and bargain with management . Also created a National Labor Relations board.

Question 26

Social Security Act of 1935

Answer 26

The "cornerstone" of the Second New Deal, designed by Frances Perkins. 1. Self financed pension fund for people over the age of 65 2. Also set up a federal state unemployment insurance program 3. Payroll was a regressive tax, single rate fixed for all regardless of income

Question 27

Downfalls of Social Security

Answer 27

- it removed from circulation a significant amount of money | - initially excluded 9.5 million workers

Question 28

Revenue Act of 1935

Answer 28

Or the Wealth Tax Act or the soak the rich tax. This raised tax rates on annual incomes above $500,000. Conservatives responded that Roosevelt was turning into a communist.

Question 29

In roosevelts second term, the democrats had the majority in the house and senate.

Answer 29

But not in the Supreme Court. In fact, the Supreme Court had ruled against 7 of the 9 New Deal cases it had reviewed, therefore becoming a hindrance to democrats

Question 30

Henry Hopkins

Answer 30

Headed the FERA and the WPA, seen as FDR's chief official of new deal agencies

Question 31

Frances Perkins

Answer 31

Secretary of labor and first female cabinet member

Question 32

The 1937 economic slump was caused in part by...

Answer 32

A sharp decrease in government spending

Question 33

During the Hundred Days, Roosevelt...

Answer 33

Instituted the TVA, closed the banks and created the AAA.

Question 34

The federal program established in 1932 under president Hoover to loan money to banks and other institutions to avoid bankruptcy

Answer 34

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Question 35

Fair Labor Standards Act

Answer 35

Government established a minimum wage of 40 cents an hour, minimum work week of 40 hours, prohibited employment of those under 16

Question 36

Farm Security Act (1937)

Answer 36

Loaned more than $1 billion to small farms and tenet farmers