Chapter 27 Flashcards
1
Q
What appears solid but actually is honeycombed with air space and blood capillaries and is classified into two types?
A
Bone
2
Q
What is the two types of bone?
A
- Cortical 2. Cancellous
3
Q
Cortical Bone
A
-Derived from latin word cortex and means outer layer. -Also referred to as compact bone, the dense outer layer of the bone. -Appears radiopaque on the radiograph.
4
Q
Cancellous Bone
A
-Derived from a latin word and means “arranged like a lattice”. -Is a soft spongy bone located between two layers of dense cortical bone. -Is composed of numerous bony trabeculae that form a lattice like network of intercommunicating spaces filled with bone marrow.
5
Q
Prominences of Bone
A
Composed of dense cortical bone and appears radiopaque on dental radiograph.
6
Q
Process
A
Marked prominence or projection of bone; Example is the coronoid process of the mandible.
7
Q
Ridge
A
Linear prominence or projection of the bone; Example is the internal oblique ridge of the mandible.
8
Q
Spine
A
Sharp, thorn-like projection of the bone; Example is the anterior nasal spine.
9
Q
Tubercles
A
Small bump or nodule of bone; Example is the genial tubercles.
10
Q
Tuberosity
A
Rounded prominence of bone; Example is the maxillary tuberosity.
11
Q
Space and Depressions in Bone
A
Appears Radiolucent on a dental radiograph.
12
Q
Canal
A
Tube-like passageway through bone that contains nerves and blood vessel; Example is mandibular canal.
13
Q
Foramen
A
Opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels; Example is Mental Foramen
14
Q
Fossa
A
Broad, shallow, scooped out or depressed area of bone; Example is submandibular fossa of the mandible.
15
Q
Sinus
A
Hollow space, cavity, or recess in bone; Example is maxillary sinus.
16
Q
Septum
A
-Bony wall or partition that divides two spaces or cavities. -Appears Radiopaque. -Example- Nasal Septum
17
Q
Suture
A
-Immovable joint that represents a line of union between adjoining lines of the skull. -A suture appears as a thin radiolucent line. -Example- Median palatal suture of the maxilla.
18
Q
What has been described as the architectural cornerstone of the face?
A
The Maxilla
19
Q
All of the bones of the face articulate with what?
A
The Maxilla
20
Q
The Maxilla forms what?
A
Orbit of eyes, sides and floor of the nasal cavities, and the hard palate.
21
Q
A
Incisive Foramen
22
Q
What is the Incisive Foramen?
A
- an opening or hole in bone that is located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors.
- also known as the nasopalatine foramen
- nasopalatine nerve exits the maxilla through the incisive foramen
- appears as a small ovoid or round radiolucent area located between the roots of the maxillary central incisors
23
Q
A
Median Palatal Suture
24
Q
What is the Median Palatal Suture?
A
- The Immovable joint between the two palatine processes of the maxilla.
- Appears as a thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors.
25
Median Palatal Suture
26
Interior Nasal Spine
27
Nasal Cavity
28
What is the nasal cavity?
* A pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla.
* Floor of nasal cavity is formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horzontal portions of the palatine bones.
* Lateral walls of the nasal cavity are formed by the ethmoid bone and the maxillae.
* divided by a bony partition, or wall called the nasal septum.
* Appears as a large Radiolucent area above the maxillary Incisors.
29
Nasal Septum
30
What is the Nasal Septum?
* Vertical bony wall or partition thar divides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae.
* Nasal Septum appears as a vertical and radiopaque.
31
Anterior Nasal Spine
32
What is the Anterior Nasal Spine?
* is a sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity
* appears as a V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum
33
Inferior Nasal Conchae
34
Lateral Fossa
35
What is the Lateral Fossa?
* lateral fossa (also known as the canine fossa) is a smooth, depressed area of the maxilla located just inferior and medial to the infraorbital foramen between the canine and lateral incisors
* appears as a radiolucent area between the maxillary canine and lateral incisors
36
Inverted "Y"
37
What is the Inverted "Y"?
* refers to the intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity as viewed on a dental radiograph
* appears as a radiopaque upside-down Y formed by the intersection of the lateral wall of the nasal fossa and the anterior border of the maxillary sinus
* located above the maxillary canine
38
Maxillary Sinus
39
What is the Maxillary Sinus?
* paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla
* located above the maxillary premolar and molar teeth
* at birth, maxillary sinus is the size of a small pea
* with growth, maxillary sinus expands and eventually occupies a large portion of the maxilla
* maxillary sinus appears as a radiolucent area located above the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars
* floor of the maxillary sinus is composed of dense cortical bone and appears as a radiopaque line
40
1. Floor of Maxillary Sinus
2. Maxillary Sinus
3. Septum in Maxillary Sinus that divides cavity into 2 parts
4. Zygomatic Process of Maxilla
5. Zygoma
6. Lower border of Zygomatic arch
41
Maxillary Tuberosity
42
What is the Maxillary Tuberosity?
* rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region
* appears as a radiopaque bulge distal to the third molar region
43
Zygomatic Process of the Maxilla
44
What is the Zygomatic Process of the Maxilla?
* bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma or malar (cheek) bone
* on a maxillary periapical radiograph the zygomatic process of the maxilla appears as a J- or U-shaped radiopacity located superior to the maxillary first molar region
45
Hamulus
46
What is the Hamulus?
* small hook-like projection of bone extending from the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
* appears as a radiopaque hook-like projection posterior to the maxillary tuberosity area
47
Zygoma
48
What is the Zygoma?
* cheek bone
* appears as a diffuse, radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla
49
What is the Bony Landmarks of the Mandible?
It is divided into three main parts:
1. The Ramus
2. The Body
3. Alveolar Process
50
What is the Ramus?
A Vertical portion of the mandible that is found posterior to the third molar.
51
What is the body?
The body of the mandible is the horizontal U-shaped portion that extends from ramus to ramus.
52
What is the Alveolar Process?
Alveolar process is the portion of the mandible that encases and supports the teeth.
53
The Zygoma
54
The Ramus
55
The Body
56
The Alveolar Process
57
Genial Tubercles
58
What is the Genial Tubercle?
* tiny bumps of bone that serve as attachment sites for the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles
* located on the lingual aspect of the mandible
* mandibular periapical radiograph the genial tubercles appear as a ring-shaped radiopacity below the apices of the mandibular incisors
59
Lingual Foramen
60
What is the Lingual Foramen?
* tiny opening or hole in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible
* surrounded by the genial tubercles
61
Nutrients Canal
62
What is the Nutruents Canal?
* tube-like passage-ways through bone that contain nerves and blood vessels that supply the teeth
* appear as vertical radiolucent lines
63
The Mental Ridge
64
What is the Mental Ridge?
* a linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible
* extends from the premolar region to the midline and slopes slightly upward
* appears as a thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region
* often appears superimposed over the mandibular anterior teeth
65
Mental Fossa
66
What is the Mental Fossa?
* scooped-out depressed area of bone located on the external surface of the anterior mandible
* located above the mental ridge in the mandibular incisor region
* appears as a radiolucent area above the mental ridge
67
Mental Foramen
68
What is the Mental Foramen?
* an opening or hole in the bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars
* mandibular periapical radiograph the mental foramen appears as a small ovoid or round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars
* frequently misdiagnosed as a periapical lesion because of its apical location
69
Mandibular Canal
70
What is the Mandibular Canal?
* tube-like passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible
* extends from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen and houses the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels
* mandibular periapical radiograph the mandibular canal appears as a radiolucent band
* outlined by two thin radiopaque lines that represent the cortical walls of the canal
71
Torus
72
1. Internal Oblique Ridge
2. External Oblique Ridge
73
1. Oblique Ridge
74
What is the Internal Oblique Ridge?
* linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends downward and forward from the ramus
* mandibular periapical radiograph appears as a radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the ramus
* internal and external oblique ridges may be superimposed on one another
* when the ridges appear separate, the superior radiopaque band is the external oblique ridge, and the inferior radiopaque band is the internal oblique ridge
75
What is the External Oblique Ridge?
* linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible
* mandibular periapical radiograph appears as a radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
76
Mylohyoid Ridge
77
Mylohyoid Ridge Submandibular Fossa
78
What is the Submandibular Fossa?
* scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge
* submandibular salivary gland is found in the submandibular fossa
* mandibular periapical radiograph appears as a radiolucent area in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge
79
Internal Oblique Ridge
80
External Oblique Ridge
81
Coronoid Process
82
What is the Coronoid Process?
* is a marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible
* serves as an attachment site for one of the muscles of mastication
* appear on a maxilary molar periapical film
* appears as a triangular radiopacity superimposed over, or inferior to, the maxillary tuberosity region
83
Nutrients Canal
84
Zygomatic Process
85
A. Enamel
B.Dentin
C.Dentinoenamel Junction
86
Enamel
* densest structure found in the human body
* the outermost radiopaque layer of the crown of a tooth
87
Dentin
* found beneath the enamel layer of a tooth and surrounds the pulp cavity
* comprises most of the tooth structure
* not as radiopaque as enamel
88
Dentinoenamel Junction
is the junction between the dentin and the enamel of a tooth.
89
Pulp Cavity
90
Pulp Cavity
* pulp chamber and pulp canals
* contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
* relatively radiolucent on a dental radiograph
91
What serves as the supporting structure for the teeth of the jaws?
Alveolar Process
92
What is the bone that supports and encases the roots of the teeth?
Aleveolar Process
93
What are the anatomic landmarks of the alveolar process?
* Lamina Dura
* The Alveolar Crest
* Periodontal Ligament Space
94
Lamina Dura
95
What is that Lamina Dura?
* the wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the root of a tooth
* made up of dense cortical bone
* appears as a dense radiopaque line that surrounds the root of a tooth
96
Alveolar Crest
97
What are the Alveolar Crest?
* most coronal portion of the alveolar bone found between the teeth
* appears radiopaque and is typicaly located 1.5 to 2.0 mm below the junction of the crown and the root surfaces
98
Periodontal Ligaments
99
What are the Periodontal Ligaments?
* the space between the root of the tooth and the lamina dura
* contains connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics
* appears as a thin radiolucent line around the root of a tooth
100
Normal alveolar crest located in the anterior region appears?
Pointed and sharp between the teeth
101
Normal alveolar crest in the posterior region appears?
Flat and Smooth between the teeth
