Chapter 2.7 Compounding: Introduction to bonding

Question 1

Two ways elements combine

Answer 1

1. Transferring electrons

2. Sharing electrons

Question 2

Transferring electrons

Answer 2

transferring electrons from one element to another to form ionic compounds

Question 3

Sharing electrons

Answer 3

sharing electrons between atoms of different elements to form covalent compounds

Question 4

Ionic Compounds

Answer 4

made up of ions

Question 5

Ions

Answer 5

charged particles that form when an atoms (or groups of atoms) gains OR loses one or more electrons

Question 6

Formation of an Ionic Compound

Answer 6

forms when a METAL reacts with a NONMETAL:

• each metal atom loses one or more electrons and become a cation
• each nonmetal gains one of more electrons and becomes an anion
• *metal atoms transfer electrons to nonmetal atoms

Question 7

Binary ionic Compound

Answer 7

the simplest type, one composed of two elements

Question 8

Anion

Answer 8

a negatively charged ion

Question 9

Cation

Answer 9

a positively charged ion

Question 10

monatomic ion

Answer 10

cation or anion derived from a single atom

Question 11

polyatomic ion

Answer 11

cation or anion derived from a small group of atoms

Question 12

Coulombs Law

Answer 12

energy of attraction or repulsion between two particles is directly proportional to the product of the charge and inversely proportional to the distance between them:
Energy α (Charge 1 x Charge 2)/Distance

Question 13

Factors that influence the strength of ionic bonding

Answer 13

Attraction INCREASES as size DECREASES

Attraction INCREASES as charge INCREASES

Question 14

Charge of Ionic compounds?

Answer 14

Neutral because they contain equal amount of positive and negative charges

Question 15

How many electrons does Group 1A gain/lose?

Answer 15

loses 1 e−

Question 16

How many electrons does 2A Group gain/lose?

Answer 16

loses 2e−

Question 17

How many electrons does 3A Group gain/lose?

Answer 17

loses 3e− (ex Aluminum)

Question 18

How many electrons does 7A Group gain/lose?

Answer 18

gains 1 e−

Question 19

How many electrons does 6A Group gain/lose?

Answer 19

gains 2e− (ex Oxygen and sulfur)

Question 20

How many electrons does 5A Group gain/lose?

Answer 20

gains 3e− (ex. Nitrogen)

Question 21

Covalent compounds

Answer 21

form when elements SHARE electrons

usually occurs between nonmetals

Question 22

Differences between covalent and ionic substances : Molecules

Answer 22

• most covalent substances consists of molecules
  ex. cup of water = individual molecule of H2O lying near each other
• There are no molecules in an ionic compound

Question 23

Covalent bonding

Answer 23

mutual attraction between 2 positively charged nuclei and the two negatively charged electrons that reside between them

Question 24

Ionic bonding

Answer 24

mutual attraction among positive and negative ions

Question 25

Polyatomic ions

Answer 25

ionic compounds contain polyatomic ions which consists pf two or more atoms bonded covalently and have a net positive or negative charge
ex. Carbonate Io

Question 26

example of a polyatomic ion

Answer 26

ex. Carbonate Ion = CO3²-