Chapter 27 Exercise and Activity: Key Terms

Question 1

Abduction

Answer 1

Movement of limb away from the body

Question 2

Active Range of Motion Exercises

Answer 2

Completion of exercise to the joint by the patient while doing activities or daily living or during joint assessment
Patient does the movement

Question 3

Activity Tolerance

Answer 3

The type and amount of exercise or work that a person is able to perform without undue exertion or injury

Question 4

Adduction

Answer 4

Movement of limb toward the body

Question 5

Body Mechanics

Answer 5

Coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain proper balance, posture, and body alignment

Question 6

Center of Gravity

Answer 6

Midpoint or center of weight of a body or object

Question 7

Crutch Gait

Answer 7

A gait achieved by a person using crutches

Question 8

Dorsiflexion

Answer 8

Flexion toward the back

Question 9

Extension

Answer 9

Movement by certain joints that increases the angle between two adjoining bones

Question 10

Foot Boots

Answer 10

Soft, foot-shaped devices designed to reduce the risk of foot drop by maintaining the foot in dorsiflexion

Question 11

Foot Drop

Answer 11

An abnormal neuromuscular condition of the lower leg and foot, characterized by the inability to dorsiflex, or evert, the foot

Question 12

Friction

Answer 12

Effects of rubbing or the resistance which it moves; a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement

Question 13

Gait

Answer 13

Manner or style of walking, including rhythm, cadence, and speed

Question 14

Hand Rolls

Answer 14

Rolls of cloth that keep the thumb slightly adducted and in opposition to the finger

Question 15

Hand-Wrist Splints

Answer 15

Splints individually molded for the patient to maintain proper alignment of the thumb, slight adduction of the wrist, and slight dorsiflexion

Question 16

Hyperextension

Answer 16

Position of maximal extension of a joint

Question 17

Joint

Answer 17

Connection between bones; classified according to structure and degree of mobility

Question 18

Mechanical Lift

Answer 18

Hoyer lift, used for paralysis or obese patients

Question 19

Orthostatic Hypotension

Answer 19

Abnormally low blood pressure occurring when a person stands up

Question 20

Passive Range of Motion Exercises

Answer 20

Range of movement through which a joint is moved with assistance
Patient is unable to move joints by self

Question 21

Plantar Flexion

Answer 21

Toe-down motion of the foot at the ankle

Question 22

Posture

Answer 22

Position of the body in relation to the surrounding space

Question 23

Prone

Answer 23

Position of the patient lying face down

Question 24

Proprioception

Answer 24

The body’s ability to sense its position and movement in space

Question 25

Range of Motion ROM

Answer 25

Range of movement of a joint, from maximum extension to maximum flexion, as measured in degrees of a circle

Question 26

Side Rails

Answer 26

Bars positioned along the sides of the length of the bed or stretcher to reduce the patient's risk of falling

Question 27

Supine

Answer 27

Position of the patient in which the patient is resting on his/her back

Question 28

Trapeze Bar

Answer 28

Metal triangular-shaped bar that can be suspended over a patient's bed from an overhanging frame; permits patients to move up and down in bed while in traction of some other circumstance

Question 29

Trochanter Rolls

Answer 29

Rolled towel support placed against the hips and upper leg to prevent external rotation of the legs