Location of Hazmat Bins
Stations:1,3,8,9,18,20,22,23,25
NFPA Hazmat standars
471(materials),472(responder competency),473(EMS to weapons/materials of mass destruction)
HazMat. definition
Any material or substance, which even in normal use, poses a risk to health, safety, property, or the environment
Hazmat can be broken down into 9 primary classes by the United Nations (UN-number…)
1: Explosives:6
2: Gasses:3
3: flammable liquids:0
4: Flammable solids:3
5: Oxidizers & Organic Peroxides:2
6: Toxic & Infectious:2
7: Radioactive:0
8: Corrosive:0
9: Miscellaneous:0
Regulations
Articles that are referenced by acts
Standards
Developed and reviewed by non governmental consensus committees
NFPA
Response training levels
1 Awareness: basic: cops,military
2 Operations:defensive: Minimize further impact and ID substances
3 Technicians: offensively trained : stn 10
Specialists:experts in particular substances
HazMats have greatest potential for disaster when
they are being shipped
4 types of Hazard Identification
Location and Occupancy
Placards, Labels, Markings
Container shape
Your senses: Sight, Smell, Hear
Facility and transport markings
Signs: NFPA 704 dimond fixed location
Labels: 10cm x 10cm and on containers =<450L
Placards: diamond shaped 25cm x 25cm used when transporting >450L
Facility and transport markings
Signs: NFPA 704 diamond fixed location
Labels: 10cm x 10cm and on containers =<450L
Placards: diamond shaped 25cm x 25cm used when transporting >450L/500kg must be on every side&end
over 4000kg:un number must be shown on placard or orange panel next to or below placard
info on Labels and Placards
Symbol
Color
Class#
Background colors
Red: Flammable Orange: Explosive White: Toxic/Infectious Green: Compressed but non flammable, nontoxic Blue: reactive Black: Corrosive Yellow: Oxidizer
Class 1 Explosives sub-classes
1-6
1 being highest risk of detonation
6 being extremely Insensitive
Class 2 Gases: 4 types of & 3 sub classes
- Compressed: gas stored under pressure (O2)
- Liquefied: by compression (propane)
- Cryogenic: liquefied by deep refrigeration (liquid nitrogen)
- Dissolved: stored by adsorption (acetylene)
- 1:flammable
- 2:non-flammable
- 3:Toxic Gas
Class 2 Gases: 4 types of & sub classes
- Compressed: gas stored under pressure (O2)
- Liquefied: by compression (propane)
- Cryogenic: liquefied by deep refrigeration (liquid nitrogen)
- Dissolved: stored by adsorption (acetylene)
- 1:flammable
- 2:non-flammable
- 3:Toxic Gas
Class 4 Flammable Solids
4.1: Flammable solid:Aluminum powder
4.2:Substances liable to spontaneous combustion: Wet-rags(oily rag),Activated Charcoal
4.3:Substances which, in contact with water emit flammable gases(dangerous when wet)
Sodium:explodes
Lithium: flammable gases
Class 5 Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides
- 1: Oxidizer
5. 2: Organic peroxide
Class 6 Toxic & Infectious
- 1: toxic
6. 2: infectious
Shipping Documents: 5 items on them
4SHN
4 digit UN number
Shipping Name
Hazard/Class #
Number of Pkgs. Shipped
Terminology for various types of shipping
Standard:most common
Waste Manifest: haz waste
Air bill: by air: cock pit Pilot
Rail Doc:way bill: rail: rial yard or conductor
Road Doc:way bill: road: driver
Dangerous goods cargo: way bill: by boat/capitan
Document Content Response Inormation
Shipping Name Primary Classification Secondary Classification Product ID# Packing Group# Total mass/Volume # Pkgs. 24hr phone number Emerg response plan
Packing groups
Highest Danger
serious Danger
Lowest(but still significant) Danger
5 types of Low pressure Facility tank
Cryogenic & High/low pressure Spherical facility tanks
Cone Roof Floating roof Internal floating Roof Lifter roof Horizontal/low pressure storage tank
ERG
White: general Info
Yellow: by un-number: to name to orange page
Blue: by Name: to un number to orange page
Orange: potential haz./safety measures/emergency response actions
Green: Inhalation Hazards: provocative action distances : initial isolation distances and protective isolation distances
TIH: Toxic Inhalation Hazard
gases or volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled includes certain chemical warfare agents & water reactive material which produce gas upon contact with water
Incident Command Mode @ Hazmat Indent
Offensive : stop release, attack and mitigate problem
Defensive: containment(diking, damming, diverting to reduce impact
Non-intervention: let the incident run its course. balance environmental impact vs responder and public safety
6 Tactical Priorities @ hazmat
Rescue Protection of Exposures Fire Suppression Confinement(to an area) Containment (to a vessle) Recovery
steps to manage a Hazmat scene:
H-hazard ID A- Action plan Z-Zoning M-manage the scene A- assistance T-termination
3 Zones
Hot Zone(Red): restricted, Danger to life and health, noone can enter until Dcon is set up Warm Zone: limited access decon zone, this is where decon happens Cold Zone(Yellow): support area, staging, no public or media
Hazmat & Evacuations
managing the scene
1) determine who needs it
- ERG orange and Green pages
- Then cross & down wind
2) shelter/Protect in-place
- evac causes greater risk: secure location to min exposure
- Hospitals,Jails,Nursing Homes,Hi-rise
-do not shelter in place when: flammable vapors are present, building cannot be sealed/secured enough,toxic gas will take a long time to clear
Defensive actions
scene management
Absorption(bonds like a spong), Adsorption(clings/coats surface), Confinement, Dilution, Remote Valve Shutoff, Vapor dispersion, Vapor suppression, Burning off
Termination of scene
- Decontamination:all personnel and equipment must be decon.(anything or anyone in the hot zone)
- Rehabilitation(may be needed in a long scene time)
- Post Incident Analysis: see how it all went
- Medical screening: for people exposed
pros and Cons of emergency Decon
Pro: Quick response time, minimize injury
Cons: quick fix only, may not remove everything, more thorough decon. will need to follow, damages the environment
Chronic VS acute
Acute: one time occurrence
Chronic: Repeated occurance
DOSE
dosage of an exposure can be determined by
Chemical+Concentration+Time=Dose
List of 7 possible exposures,related energy and effects
- Thermal:temp extremes:Burn/Frost bite
- Mechanical:Direct contact/Fragments:bruises,cuts,blist.
- Poisonous:Poison/Toxin:Dam. organs and body systems
- Corrosive:Chem.:burns,tissue damage
- Asphyxiation:O2-Diff.:Affect respiratory system
- Radiation: Radiation:injury to individual/future gen.
- Etiological: Living Miro-org.:Diseases(hepatitis)
how haz mat enter body
Inhalation
Ingestion
Contact
Absorbtion
Personal Protective Clothing Levels
A:Banana suit:resp.,skin,eye protection maxed
B: Max resp,lesser skin(taped zip)splash suit
C:Air filters(apr)splash suit zippers taped
D:Bunker gear, no resp.
Contamination through PPE
Permeation: molecular level
,Penetration:movement through normal openings
Degradation: physical breakdown of suit
Proximity suit vs Fire entry suits
Prox: 150-200’C
Fire ent.: up to 1093’C
MX4 alarms
O2: Low: 19.5% - high 23% range 0-30%
CO: low 25PPM - High 50ppm range 0-500ppm
H2S: low:10 ppm - high 15ppm rang 0-500ppm
LEL: low 10% - high 20% range 0-100%
CO
colorless orderless
highly flammable 12.5-74% in air auto igniton 609’C
CBRNE
Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear Explosive
Ionizing vs nonIonizing
Ionizing kills cells Alpha travel 3-4" Beta can cover skin with platic, foil will not penn organs Neutron travel a few meters Gamma worst of them: need lead cement
what are 7 causes of O2 deficient atmosphere
Rusting/oxidation combustion absorption bacterial action chemical reaction purging agents poor ventilation
