Chapter 27 : Macrolides, Oxazidonones, Lincosamides, Glycopeptides, And Lipopetides

Question 1

What are the 3 most common macrolides?

Answer 1

Erythromycin
Azithromycin ( Z pack )
Clarithromycin

Question 2

What does macrolides treat? (5)

Answer 2

Whooping cough
Mycoplasma
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Ulcers

Question 3

What’s super important to note about macrolides?

Answer 3

It’s highly protein bound !!

Metabolized in the liver

Question 4

Macrolides interacts with?(3)

Answer 4

Warfarin
Antifungals
Anticonvulsants

Question 5

Clarithromycin and erythromycin cause what? (2) it’s super worrisome

Answer 5

Increase risk of muscle toxicity with statin use

Increase fetal dysrthymia when used with drug prolong QT interval

Question 6

Are there any contradictions for macrolides?

Answer 6

No other than allergies

Question 7

When two drugs have interactions together does it mean contraindications?

Answer 7

Nope unless stated, but you got to be careful

Question 8

Erythromycin causes
Azithromycin is a what
Clairthromycin causes

Answer 8

GI upset often
5 day treatment for better long time
( long half life )

Bad taste in the mouth
( metallic taste )

Question 9

Notes
Side effects
Gi upset
Hepatotoxicity if given with other
Hepatotoxic drugs dysthymia’s

Question 10

Macromides antibiotics increase risk of ____ with statins

Answer 10

Rhabdomyolysis

Question 11

Notes
Azithromycin levels may be reduced by antacids
Erythromycin should not be given with other Macrolides cause of its high protein bound

Question 12

Macrolides have what type of concern?
Liver or kidney?
And why?

Answer 12

Liver
Because it’s excreted through bilirubin & feces

Question 13

What is the function of oxazolidinones?

Answer 13

Sepsis, mrsa, severe respiratory & skin infections

Question 14

What are side effects of oxazolidinones? (3)!!!
Think of the O!!

Answer 14

Rhabdomyolysis- statin
Tongue & tooth discoloration
Serotonin syndrome

Question 15

What is lincosamides ( clindamycin )? Used for?

Answer 15

Treatment for acne
( topical and po )

MRSA
Bone infections

Question 16

Side effects of Lincosamides (3) ( clindamycin )

Think of the D in this medication

Answer 16

Statins - rhabdomyolysis
Warfarin - bleeding

HIGH RISK FOR CDIFF!!!!!!

Question 17

Why can’t we give clindamycin and lincomycin with aminophylline, phenytoin, barbiturate and ampicillin?

Answer 17

Drug interactions

Question 18

What’s the usage of glycopeptides (vancomycin)?

What about the oral version?

Answer 18

MRSA

CDIFF TREATMENT!!

Question 19

Glycopeptides needs monitoring for drug admistertion why?

Answer 19

Small theruptuc window

Peak and trough monitor

Question 20

IV Vancomycin reaction causes ?

THIS IS NOT AN ALLERGIC REACTION! ITS A TOXIC

ITS TOO QUICKLY!!!
IV RATE JS TOO FAST

Answer 20

Red man syndrome

Question 21

How does red man or red neck syndrome look like?

Answer 21

It hung
Flushing
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Can be fetal
Phlebitis - IV

Question 22

Vancomycin is what?

Answer 22

Ototoxic and nephrotoxic

Question 23

What is ketolides used for?

Side effects same thing as macrolides
- statins ( rhabdomyolysis )
- warfain ( bleeding )

Answer 23

Community Acquired pneumonia

Question 24

Ketolixes have increase levels of antibiotic in the body when taken with?

Answer 24

Antilipidemics

Question 25

What is lipopeptides ( daptomycin )
Like how does it work?

Functions to help?

How can you give?

Is it highly protein?

Don’t give with what?

Answer 25

Binds to the membrane

MRSA infections

ONLY IV

YES!!

Dextrose

Question 26

Notes
daptomycin
Dilute with 10ML sterile saline
Sit for 10minutes

Then dilute again with 50-100ml

Statins - rhabodymykosis
Warfarin - bleeding

Question 27

Lipopetides can cause what syndrome?

Answer 27

Steven’s Johnson syndrome !!!