Chapter 27 Note Cards Flashcards
(22 cards)
Atlantic Charter
Who - FDR; Stalin; Churchill
What - Said that nations should abandon the tradition of military alliance & instead should govern processes with one another democratically and have an international organization to facilitate that; how US envisioned a postwar world; was unsuccessful
When - 1941
Where - US / Eurasia
Why - To maintain peace
United Nations
Who - US, Britain, France, Soviet Union, China were main powers; others
What - International organization; had a General Assembly where each main power had a representative & a veto as well as a Security Council
When - 1945
Where - US & Eurasia
Why - Maintain peace & solve issues
Yalta Conference
Who - FDR, Roosevelt, & Stalin
What - Stalin agreed to enter the Pacific war and in return would receive Pacific territory that he lost during the Russo-Japanese war in 1904
When - 1945
Where - Yalta (in Soviet Union)
Why - “Big three” met for a peace conference to discuss a number of issues
Containment
Who - US
What - Policy where instead of trying to maintain an “open” world, the US would instead focus on “containing” the expansion of the Soviet Union (communism)
When - End of 1945
Where - US
Why - Ideals from Atlantic Charter were not coming to fruition
Douglas MacArthur
Who - General Douglas MacArthur
What - Took part in the restoration / democratic rebuilding of Japan
When - WWII
Where - US
Why - N/A
Mao Zedong
Who - General Mao Zedong
What - Communist general who had control over ¼ of China’s population (1945); undermined the Chinese leader at the time
When - 1920s to 1940s
Where - China
Why - N/A
George F. Kennan
Who - George F. Kennan
What - American diplomat who had said soon after the war that the best way to deal with the Soviet Union was “a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies”; ideas inspired Truman Doctrine
When - 1940s
Where - US
Why - Diplomat; peace
Marshall Plan
Who - Sec of State George C. Marshall
What - Channeled money into Europe to spark economic revival; VERY successful
When - June 1947
Where - US
Why - Economic reconstruction of European nations (including Soviet Union which declined anyway)
Truman Doctrine
Who - Harry S. Truman who drew ideas from George F. Kennan
What - Policy where the US would help people who are resisting subjugation by outside forces; helped Greek gov’t defeat communist insurgents & set precedent for foreign policy for 40 years
When - March 12, 1947
Where - US
Why - Inspired by Kennan; to stop communism
National Security Act
Who - Congress
What - Created new Department of Defense as well as a National Security Council (NSC) and also CIA; overall gave pres expanded powers to pursue nation’s international interests
When - 1947
Where - US
Why - To reshape the US’s military & diplomatic institutions
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Who - US & Western Europe
What - 12 nations signed; made it so that an attack against one of the nations would be viewed as an attack on all
When - April 4, 1949
Where - US & Western Europe
Why - Formation was accelerated by crisis in Berlin / Germany at the time
NSC-68
Who - Called for by Truman; NSC
What - National Security Council report that said that the US could no longer rely on other nations to resist communism & the US should take a leadership role in the non-communist world & should stop communist expansion
When - 1950
Where - US
Why - Review of American foreign policy; at the time, China’s nationalistic gov’t fell & was taken over by communism
Warsaw Pact
Who - Soviet Union & communist governments in Eastern Europe
What - Alliance
When - 1955
Where - Soviet Union & Eastern Europe
Why - Response to formation of NATO
Fair Deal
Who - Harry S. Truman
What - Domestic program that wanted things like: expanded Social Security benefits, raised minimum wage, federal program to ensure employment, Fair Employment Practices Act, public housing, environmental & public works planning, gov’t promotion of scientific research, national health insurance; not very successful
When - 1940s
Where - US
Why - Liberal reform after the war
Taft-Harley Act
Who - Congress (Truman vetoed it, but Congress overruled)
What - AKA Labor-Management Relations Act; made “closed shops” (no one could be hired without first being a union member) illegal; allowed states to pass “right-to-work” laws that would prohibit union shops
When - 1947
Where - US
Why - Conservative hatred towards the power given to unions
Korean War
Who - North vs South Korea primarily, US joined
What - NK invaded SK; US committed itself to defeat the North Korean; US’s first military engagement in the Cold War
When - June 24, 1950
Where - Korea
Why - NK was communist; wanted control over SK
Alger Hiss
Who - Alger Hiss (at one point, a high-ranking member of the State Dep)
What - HUAC investigated him after Whittaker Chambers (former communist) claimed that Hiss passed classified State Dep documents through him to the Soviets in 1938 & 1939; Hiss sued for slander but served several years in prison
When - Slandered in 1948
Where - US
Why - Communism
House Un-American Activities Committee
Who - Republicans
What - Held publicized investigations
When - 1947
Where - US
Why - To prove that the gov’t under Democratic rule encouraged communism
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Who - Julius Rosenberg, Ethel Rosenberg
What - Communist couple who gov’t claimed to be the masterminds behind the passing on of atomic secrets to the Soviets which allowed them to successfully detonate an atomic bomb in 1949; were convicted & sentenced to death
When - Sentenced 1951, executed by electric chair 1953
Where - From NY
Why - Communists
Whittaker Chambers
Who - Whittaker Chambers
What - Former communist who turned against the party, becoming an editor for Times magazine; called out Alger Hiss & produced microfilms of the documents
When - 1948 slandered
Where - US
Why - Turned against communists
Joseph McCarthy
Who - Joseph McCarthy
What - Republican senator for WI who suddenly became known nationwide when he gave a speech and held up a piece of paper claiming that it had 205 names of known communists in the US State Dep; two years later, he held publicized investigations of subversion (never provided solid evidence of communist subversion)
When - February 1950 speech
Where - From WI
Why - Fear of communism; hostility toward the country’s “eastern establishment”
McCarthyism
Who - Inspired / accelerated by Joseph McCarthy
What - Anticommunist fervor
When - 1950s
Where - US
Why - Fear of communism; Red Scare
