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physical science > chapter 27.1 > Flashcards

chapter 27.1 Flashcards

1
Q

weathering

A

the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earths surface

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2
Q

soil

A

a mixture of weathered rock,inorganic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life

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3
Q

erosion

A

the removal of surface material through the process of weathering

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4
Q

sediment transport

A

the transport of granular particles by fluids

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5
Q

deposition

A

when the erosional agent slows down or melts

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6
Q

drainage basin

A

The land area that gathers water for a major river

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7
Q

long shore current

A

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline

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8
Q

what is weathering

A

the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earth´s surface

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9
Q

do rocks weather at the same rate

A

no

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10
Q

what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather

A

rock type, and landscape

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11
Q

what are the two types of weathering

A

mechanical weathering, and chemical weathering

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12
Q

what type of change happens with mechanical weathering

A

physical changes

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13
Q

what type of change happens with chemical weathering

A

chemical changes

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14
Q

what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

A

frost wedging, biological activity, and collisions

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15
Q

what causes frost wedging

A

water collects in the crocks of a rock that then freezes

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16
Q

what is the cycle called during frost wedging

A

the rock will break apart

17
Q

what causes biology activity

A

plant and animal activity

18
Q

what cause weathering during collisions

A

when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers

19
Q

what is parent material

A

the material which soil forms

20
Q

what are soil horizons

A

the different layers of soil

21
Q

how many soil horizons are there

A

6

22
Q

true or false. all soils contain every soil horizons

A

false

23
Q

what does the first soil horizon contain

A

organic material

24
Q

what is the second horizon mostly made up of

A

minerals

25
Q

which layer does leaching occur

A

horizon e

26
Q

which horizon collects material from previous horizons

A

horizon b

27
Q

which layer is partially weathered bedrock

A

horizon c

28
Q

which layer is unweathered bedrock

A

horizon r

29
Q

which soil horizons make up the topsoil

A

horizons O and A

30
Q

which soil horizons make up the subsoil

A

horizons E and B

31
Q

what are the two types of chemical weathering

A

oxygen and water

32
Q

what are chemical changes due to oxygen

A

oxydation

33
Q

what are chemical changes due to water

A

hydrolysis

34
Q

what are specific soil horizons

A

o,a,e,b,c,and r

35
Q

which horizons make up the true soil

A

horizons O,A,E,and B

physical science (16 decks)

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