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Urinary System > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

1
Q

The male and female reproductive organs are generally termed ?

A

gonads

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2
Q

The gonads of the male are _______ and the gonads of the female are the ________.

A

testes, and ovaries

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3
Q

The gonads produce ________and secrete ______.

A

gametes, hormones

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4
Q

The chromosome number for human diploid cells is _____ and the number for haploid cells is _____.

A

46, 23

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5
Q

The chromosome make-up for females is _____ and for males is _____.

A

xx, xy

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6
Q

What produces sperm and the male sex hormone?

A

Testes

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7
Q

Name the three accessory glands that produce seminal fluid?

A

seminal vesicle, prostate, and bulbourethral gland

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8
Q

male parts that are considered external genitalia?

A

penis, scrotum

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9
Q

Name the four ducts that serve as passageway for sperm?

A

Ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, urethra, and epididymis

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10
Q

What is the function of the seminiferous tubules?

A

To produce sperm

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11
Q

What is the function of the Leydig (interstitial) cells?

A

Secrete testosterone

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12
Q

What is the function of the Sertoli (sustentacular) cells?

A

To nourish the developing sperm cells through the stages of spermatogenesis. Also called the nurse cell. Also acts as a phagocyte, consuming the residual cytoplasm during spermatogenesis.

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13
Q

Define spermatogenesis

A

The formation and development of sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

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14
Q

Define spermiogenesis

A

The maturation of spermatids into sperm.

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15
Q

Known as mature sperm?

A

spermatozoa

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16
Q

Earliest stage of sperm development?

A

spermatogonia

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17
Q

Form blood testis barrier?

A

Sertoli cells

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18
Q

Found in lumen of seminiferous tubule?

A

spermatozoa

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19
Q

Cells in testes that have 23 chromosomes ( 3 answers total)

A

Spermatids, secondary spermatocytes, spermatozoa

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20
Q

Cells in testes that have 46 chromosomes ( 2 answers total)

A

Primary spermatocytes, spermatogonia

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21
Q

Type of cell that is located between seminiferous tubules?

A

Interstitial cells

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22
Q

Stem cells in the male testes

A

spermatogonia

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23
Q

Secrete inhibin and androgen-binding agent

A

Sertoli cells

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24
Q

Secrete testosterone?

A

Interstitial cells (Leydig Cells)

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25
Q

Cells within seminiferous tubules that provide nutrition to developing sperm cells?

A

Sertoli cells

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26
Q

Conversion of spermatids to spermatozoa?

A

Spermiogenesis

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27
Q

Entire process of sperm formation?

A

Spermatogenesis

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28
Q

In this process, one cell divides twice to form 4 cells?

A

Meiosis

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29
Q

Produces secondary spermatocytes and spermatids?

A

Meiosis

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30
Q

Reduce chromosome number from 46 to 23?

A

Meiosis

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31
Q

Spermatogonia continually undergo this process to produce primary spermatocytes?

A

Mitosis

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32
Q

Which portion of a mature sperm cell contains enzymes required for penetration of an ovum?

A

Acrosome

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33
Q

Which portion of a mature sperm cell provides energy for sperm movement?

A

middle portion of tail.

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34
Q

Which portion of a mature sperm cell contains a nucleus with 23 chromosomes?

A

The head

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35
Q

Which portion of a mature sperm cell provides sperm motility?

A

Tail- flagella

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36
Q

Contained within spermatic cord?

A

Ductus deferens

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37
Q

Extends through the penis?

A

Urethra

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38
Q

Formed from union of ductus deferens and duct from seminal vesicle?

A

Ejaculatory duct

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39
Q

Highly coiled tube located in the scrotum?

A

Epididymis

40
Q

Vasectomy site?

A

Ductus deferens

41
Q

Which duct passes through the prostate?

A

Ejaculatory duct

42
Q

Site of final sperm maturation?

A

Epididymis

43
Q

A male reproductive tract that is considered unpaired?

A

Urethra

44
Q

Three male reproductive tracts that are considered paired?

A

Ductus deferens, Ejaculatory duct, Epididymides

45
Q

An accessory gland that enlarges with age?

A

Prostate gland

46
Q

Accessory glands that are paired (2)

A

Seminal vesicle, Bulbourethral gland

47
Q

An accessory gland that secretes most of the semen volume?

A

Seminal vesicle

48
Q

An accessory gland that secretes mucus?

A

Bulbourethral gland

49
Q

An accessory gland that empties into the ejaculatory duct?

A

Seminal vesicle

50
Q

Two accessory glands that empty into the urethra?

A

Prostate, Bulbourethral gland

51
Q

Two accessory glands that secrete fluid containing nutrients for sperm?

A

Prostate gland, Seminal vesicle

52
Q

Two accessory glands that secrete alkaline fluid?

A

Seminal vesicle, Bulbourethral gland

53
Q

Three female reproductive system parts that are paired?

A

Ovaries, labium, uterine tube

54
Q

Female reproductive system part that receive and transport an oocyte toward the utereus?

A

Uterine tube

55
Q

General name for cells surrounding oocyte?

A

Follicle

56
Q

Degenerate structure

A

corpus albicans

57
Q

Male hormones- Where does it all begin?

A

Hypothalamus

58
Q

The main thing the hypothalamus controls is the __________. Tells it to release the hormone _____

A

Anterior Pituitary. GnHR

59
Q

GnRH and the anterior pituitary release two hormones what are they?

A

FSH and LH

60
Q

FSH has affects on the _______________?

A

Seminiferous tubules (spermatogenesis

61
Q

FSH stands for?

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

62
Q

LH hormone has affects on the __________?

A

Leydig cells

63
Q

Leydig cells produce what?

A

Testosteron

64
Q

Testosteron also has affects on the _________?

A

Sertoli Cells

65
Q

Sertoli cells tell the hormone _____ that there is enough sperm.

A

Inhibin

66
Q

When the Inhibin and the Sertoli cells see there is enough sperm they go where and tell it to stop?

A

Anterior Pituitary

67
Q

When testerone secretes enough hormone it goes to two places to tell it to stop. Where are these two places?

A

Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary

68
Q

Erection is primarily a _____ event?

A

Vascular

69
Q

Ejaculation is primarily a _____event?

A

Muscular

70
Q

Ejaculation is _____and erection is_____nervoust system

A

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic

71
Q

Female reproductive system- developing follicle? 2 answers

A

Primary, Secondary

72
Q

immature ovum

A

oocyte

73
Q

mature follicle, contains a cavity?

A

Graafian follicle

74
Q

Most immature follicle

A

primordial follicle

75
Q

Produces estrogen? 2 answers

A

Corpus luteum/ follicle

76
Q

Produces progesterone?

A

Corpus luteum

77
Q

Transformed from a follicle after ovulation?

A

Corpus luteum

78
Q

Name the three layers of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium (Serosa), Myometrium, Endometrium.

79
Q

Which layer does implantation occur?

A

Endometrium

80
Q

Continuous laterally with broad ligament?

A

Perimetrium

81
Q

Name the four phases of the reproductive cycle?

A

Menstrual, Preovulatory, Ovulation, and Postovulatory.

82
Q

Anterior Pituitary makes 2 reproductive hormones. What are they?

A

FSH and LH

83
Q

Day 0 of female cycle the hormone levels that are high are ?

A

FSH and Estrogen

84
Q

One key to remember is that the anterior pituitary is the boss of the _____?

A

Ovary

85
Q

What actually causes ovulation?

A

Estrogen causes huge spike in LH called the LH surge which actually causes ovulation.

86
Q

The most mature follicle?

A

Graffian

87
Q

__________ job is to maintain the uterine lining “keeps” endometrium.

A

Progesterone

88
Q

Corpus luteum is transformed follicle from the Graffian. Function has changed! Job now is to make _____ & _____?

A

Progesterone and Estrogen

89
Q

Estrogen is made by?

A

Follicle, corpus luteum in the ovaries

90
Q

Progesteron made by ?

A

corpus luteum in the ovaries

91
Q

If no fertilization it is now called?

A

corpus albicans

92
Q

If Progesterone and Estrogen are at high levels it suppresses _____&_____?

A

FSH & LH

93
Q

If fertilized you are not going to get a ?

A

corpus albicans

94
Q

Main hormones during pregnancy are?

A

P & E FSH & LH should be low

95
Q

What is a type of male reproductive cell that actually makes the sperm?

A

Seminiferous tubules

Urinary System (3 decks)

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