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Biology 202 > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ciliated tentacles

A

a feeding organ described as a horseshoe-shaped crown.

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2
Q

Ciliated larvae

A

a type of free-swimming larva.

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3
Q

Gastrovascular cavity

A

primary organ of digestion and circulation in flatworms.

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4
Q

Pharynx

A

In flatworms, the muscular tube that protrudes from the ventral side of the worm and ends in the mouth.

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5
Q

Protonephridia

A

An excretory system, such as the flame bulb system of flatworms, consisting of a network of tubules lacking internal openings.

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6
Q

Flame cells

A

a specialized excretory cell found in the simplest freshwater invertebrates, including flatworms. Flame cells function like a kidney, removing waste materials.

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7
Q

Eyespots

A

a light-sensitive pigmented spot on the bodies of invertebrate animals such as flatworms, starfishes, and microscopic crustaceans, and also in some unicellular organisms; also called ocelli.

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8
Q

Auricle

A

Auricles consist of angled projections from the sides of the head, which gives some flatworms’ heads an arrow-shaped appearance. Auricles contain nerve cells that are sensitive to touch, moisture, and certain chemicals.

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9
Q

Hermaphroditic

A

Having both male and female reproductive organs.

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10
Q

Endoparasites

A

A parasite that lives within a host.

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11
Q

Scolex

A

The knoblike anterior end of a tapeworm, having suckers or hooklike parts that in the adult stage serve as organs of attachment to the host.

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12
Q

Rostellum

A

A crown located on the hooks.

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13
Q

Proglottids

A

each segment in the strobila of a tapeworm, containing a complete sexually mature reproductive system.

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14
Q

Strobila

A

the segmented part of the body of a tapeworm that consists of a long chain of proglottids

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15
Q

Gonospore

A

a genital pore in many invertebrates

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16
Q

Gravid

A

pregnant; carrying eggs or young.

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17
Q

Intermediate host

A

an organism that supports the immature or nonreproductive forms of a parasite.

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18
Q

Cysticercus stage

A

a larval stage of a tapeworm.

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19
Q

Esophagus

A

A muscular tube that conducts food, by peristalsis, from the pharynx to the stomach.

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20
Q

Cacae

A

The blind pouch forming one branch of the large intestine.

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21
Q

Foot

A

One of the three main parts of a mollusc; a muscular structure usually used for movement.

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22
Q

Corona

A

or crown; located on the anterior portion of a rotifer with cilia arranged in two disks that beat in a circular motion in opposite directions.

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23
Q

Cuticle

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A

Covering on the trunk of the body

24
Q

Lorica

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A

Armor like girdle found in the cuticle that may bear spines.

25
Cloaca
a common cavity at the end of the digestive tract for the release of both excretory and genital products
26
Head-foot region
contains the cephalic portion of the organism as well as the feeding and locomotor structures.
27
Visceral-mass region
Contains the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and reproductive system.
28
Open circulatory system
A circulatory system in which fluid called hemolymph bathes the tissues and organs directly and there is no distinction between the circulating fluid and the interstitial fluid.
29
Closed circulatory system
A circulatory system in which blood is confined to vessels and is kept separate from the interstitial fluid.
30
Gills
the respiratory organ in many aquatic animals
31
Metanephridia
An excretory organ found in many invertebrates that typically consists of tubules connecting ciliated internal openings to external openings.
32
Nephrostome
the funnel-like component of a metanephridium which push the water, metabolic wastes, unnecessary hormones and other substances into the metanephridium.
33
Radula
A straplike scraping organ used by many molluscs during feeding.
34
Mantle
One of the three main parts of a mollusc; a fold of tissue that drapes over the mollusc’s visceral mass and may secrete a shell.
35
Shell
hard surface that covers the outer surface of an organism
36
Trochophore larvae
small, translucent, free-swimming larva characteristic of marine annelids and most groups of mollusks
37
Bivalves
a shell consisting of two hinged valves
38
Veliger Larvae
larva typical of certain mollusks such as marine snails and bivalves and a few freshwater bivalves.
39
Univalve
having one valve or shell.
40
Aperture
the main opening of the shell, where the head-foot part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding
41
Operculum
a protective bony flap that covers and protects the gills.
42
Umbo
the oldest part of the shell that resembles a large hump on the anterior end of the dorsal side of each valve.
43
Hinge
Ligament that joins two separate shells, or valves.
44
Filter feeders
Filter feeders are animals that get their food by moving water through a structure that acts as a sieve.
45
Incurrent siphon
Usually water enters the mantle cavity through the inhalant siphon, moves over the gills.
46
Excurrent siphon
Water exits the mantle cavity through the excurrent siphon.
47
Segments
Two similar rings that divide the body of an annelid.
48
Metamere
A segment of an annelid.
49
Septa
is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones.
50
Prostomium
Found in front of the mouth, and is usually a small liplike extension over the dorsal portion of the mouth.
51
Peristomium
Contains the mouth. A segmented body follows with the most posterior end called the pygidium.
52
Hydrostatic skeleton
a structure found in many cold-blooded organisms and soft-bodied animals, consisting of a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscles and is used in movement and changing shape
53
Nephridia
a tubule open to the exterior that acts as an organ of excretion or osmoregulation.
54
Clitellum
a glandular structure used during reproduction.
55
Parapodia
a lateral extension of the foot used as an undulating fin for swimming.
56
Ectoparasites
a parasite, such as a flea, that lives on the outside of its host.
57
Gizzard
Specialized stomach used for grinding up food.

Biology 202 (8 decks)

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