Chapter 28 Flashcards by Shaelynn Hicks

Origin

End of the muscle that is attached to the least moveable structure

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Insertion

Other end of the muscle that is attached to the moveable structure

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Action

Work that is accomplished when muscle fibers contract

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Muscles of mastication are responsible for

Elevating
Protruding
Retruding
Lateral movements

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Muscles of mastication

Masseter
Temporal
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

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Masseter muscle

Most powerful (elevates muscles)

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Temporal muscle

Inserts into coronoid process and elevates mandible

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Medial pterygoid muscle

Elevate mandible and close mouth

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Lateral pterygoid muscle

Superior head- fibers penetrate TMJ capsule into disc
Inferior head- fibers insert into neck of condole

Protrudes and depresses mandible

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Hyoid muscles

Open the mouth (strong depression of mandible)

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Hyoid bone

Horse shoe shaped bone suspended beneath the mandible

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2 groups of hyoid muscles

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid

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What are the suprahyoids

Digastrics
Mylohoid
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid

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Digastrics

Contracting - backward pull on mandible (retrudes)

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2 nerves supplying the digastrics

Anterior - V3

Posterior - VII

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Mylohoid

Floor of the mouth
From mylohoid line of the mandible to hyoid bone
V3 innervation
Inferior alveolar artery- blood supply

Geniohyoid

From genial tubercle to hyoid
Depresses mandible and elevates hyoid
1st. Cranial nerve
Lingual artery - blood supply

Stylohoid

Styloid process to hyoid
Hyoid bone backward/upward
CN VII
Facial/occupital arteries

What are the infrahyoids

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

Omohyoid

2 bellies separated by an intermediate tendon
From scapula and hyoid
Crosses under sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Sternohyoid

Upper border of the sternum

Sternothyroid

Upper part of sternum to thyroid cartilage

Thyrohyoid

From thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone

Movements

Protrusion 
Retrusion 
Lateral excursion
Elevation 
Depression

Protrusion

Lateral pterygoid muscles

Retrusion

Temporal and digastrics

Lateral excursions

Lateral pterygoid (L) pterygoid contracts - mandible goes to the (R) (R) pterygoid contracts - mandible goes to the (L)

Elevation

Medial pterygoid, masseter, and temporal

Depression

Lateral pterygoid and hyoids

Deglutition

Mastication/swallowing

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Area for referred pain Palpate to check for enlarged lymph nodes From mastoid process to sternum and clavicle Tilting and rotating of head Innervated by CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)

Trapezius muscle

From external occipital protuberance and spinous process of cervical and thoracic vertebrae - scapula and clavicle Addicted/elevates scapula (adducts- moves towards the midline) Triangular in shape

Muscles of mastication can

Refer pain to the TMJ