Chapter 28 - CNS Flashcards
(28 cards)
Earliest morphological markers of neuronal cell death.
A. Red neurons
B. Subacute injury
C. Axonal reaction
D. Wallerian degeneration
A. Red neurons
Most important histopathologic marker of CNS injury
A. Gliosis
B. Astrocytosis
C. Lafora bodies
D. Rosenthal fibers
A. Gliosis
Increase in intracellular fluid secondary to neuronal, glial, or endothelial cell membrane injury.
A. Stroke
B. Vasogenic edema
C. Cytotoxic edema
D. Vaso occlusion edema
C. Cytotoxic edema
Refers to compensatory increase in ventricular volume secondary to a loss of brain parenchyma.
A. Obstructive hydrocephalus
B. Communicating hydrocephalus
C. Hydrocephalus ex vacuo
D. Subarachnoid hydrocephalus
C. Hydrocephalus ex vacuo
Occurs when unilateral or asymmetric expansion of a cerebral hemisphere displaces cingulate gyrus under the falx.
A. Subfalcine herniation
B. Transtentorial herniation
C. Tonsillar herniation
D. Cerebral herniation
A. Subfalcine herniation
Refers to an extrusion of malformed brain tissue through a midline defect in the cranium.
A. Anenecephaly B. Area cerebrovasculosa C. Myelomeningocele D. Menigocele E. Encephalocele
E. Encephalocele
Most common neural tube defect
A. Anenecephaly B. Spina bifida C. Myelomeningocele D. Menigocele E. Encephalocele
B. Spina bifida
Malformation characterized by reduction in the number of gyri.
A. Microencephaly
B. Lissencephaly
C. Polymicrogyria
D. Neuronal heterotopias
B. Lissencephaly
A clinical syndrome of altered consciousness, secondary to head injury
A. Contusion
B. Concussion
C. Laceration
D. Parenchymal head injury
B. Concussion
Depressed, retracted, yellowish brown patches involving crests of gyri
A. Plaque coup
B. Plaque jaune
C. Plaque ulegyria
D. Status marmoratus
B. Plaque jaune
Location which is typically associated with underlying parenchymal injury, with sudden onset of severe headache
A. Epidural space
B. Subdural space
C. Subarachnoid space
D. Intraparenchymal space
C. Subarachnoid space
Acute infarct of neurons occurs after how many hours of injury?
A. 0 to 6
B. 6 to 12
C. 12 to 18
D. 18 to 24
B. 6 to 12
Occurs when there is generalized reduction of cerebral perfusion or decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
A. Focal cerebral hypoxia/ischemia
B. Global cerebral hypoxia/ischemia
C. Lacunar infarcts
D. Evolving infarcts
B. Global cerebral hypoxia/ischemia
Which of the following is most commonly associated with deep brain parenchymal hemorrhages?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Hypertension
C. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
D. Optic neuropathy
B. Hypertension
Most common type of intracranial aneurysm
A. Saccular aneurysm
B. Subarachnoid aneurysm
C. Subdural aneurysm
D. Cerebral aneurysm
A. Saccular aneurysm
Most common site of arteriovenous malformations
A. Anterior cerebral artery
B. Middle cerebral artery
C. Posterior cerebral artery
D. Distal cerebral artery
B. Middle cerebral artery
Stroke is a clinical term for acute-onset neurologic deficit that last longer for more than how many hours?
A. 24
B. 36
C. 48
D. 72
A. 24
Most common route of infection
A. Hematogenous
B. Direct implantation
C. Local extension
D. Peripheral extension
A. Hematogenous
Negri bodies are pathognomonic microscopic finding in which of the ff:
A. Poliomyelitis
B. VZV
C. CMV
D. Rabies
D. Rabies
Which of the following shows behavioral changes and language disturbance?
A. AD
B. FTLD
C. PD
D. PSP
B. FTLD
Most common cause of dementia in older adults.
A. AD
B. HD
C. FTLD
D. PD
A. AD
Pick bodies are seen in which of the following?
A. AD
B. HD
C. FTLD
D. PD
C. FTLD
A characteristic gross finding in this disease is pallor of substantia nigra
A. AD
B. HD
C. FTLD
D. PD
D. PD
The brain in this disease shows striking atrophy of caudate nucleus and the putamen
A. AD
B. HD
C. FTLD
D. PD
B. HD
